Carbon based – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids MACROmolecules Carbon based – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharide or single glucose molecule Functions Helps digestive system-fiber Component of cell membrane and cell wall IMMEDIATE source of energy Broken down by the mitochondria to produce ATP (energy molecules) Types Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Examples Glucose Starch Fructose Sucrose Lactose Cellulose Maltose Potato, pasta, sugar, vegetables Mitochondria ATP

LIPIDS Monomer: fatty acids Functions Types Examples Insulates Protects internal structures STORED energy Chemical signals (hormones) Compose majority of cell membrane due to hydrophobic properties Types Fats Steroids Examples Fat Oil Wax Cholesterol WOW! Get as many of those fatty acids as possible to use over the winter during hibernation!!

Protein Monomer: amino acids Functions Important Information Examples Build muscle Everyday activities Control and regulate the rate of chemical reactions Function of the protein is determined by the genetic material (DNAamino acid sequence) Important Information Ribosomes link amino acids to make the protein (polypeptide) Enzymes are also known as biological catalysts Examples Enzymes Muscle hair/eye color Meat, beans, fish

Nucleic acid Monomer: nucleotide Functions Important Information Genetic instructions Important Information Found in the nucleus of eukarytoes (animals, plants, fungi and protists) Free floating in prokaryotes (bacteria) The instructions to make protein Examples DNA RNA Bacteria – no nucleus RNA – single strand