What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?

Do you know the parts of an atom? Their Charge?

How are ions created?

What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?

Can you describe the structure of water and how this structure leads to hydrogen bonding?

H20

What special properties does this give to water? Polarity

What is the most important element making up most molecules in living things?

How do we build large macromolecules? How do we break them down?

Dehydration synthesis – Dehydration because we take out a water molecule

Hydrolysis Hydro – water Lysis – to break apart

What are the four main macromolecules in living things?

Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Examples Common Functions Carbohydrate Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Cellulose Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Examples Common Functions Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Cellulose Energy & structure Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane, Hydrophobic! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Examples Common Functions Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Cellulose Energy & structure Lipids ---- --- Fats (oils) Phospholipids Steroids Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane, Hydrophobic! Proteins Nucleic Acids

Fat

Phospholipid

Steroid

Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane Hydrophobic! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Examples Common Functions Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Cellulose Energy & structure Lipids ---- --- Fats (oils) Phospholipids Steroids Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane Hydrophobic! Proteins Amino acids polypeptides Enzymes Catalyze reactions Defend your body Build structures Nucleic Acids

Remember: Proteins must fold to be functional Remember: Proteins must fold to be functional. If denature: they don’t work!

What is the purpose of an enzyme. How do they work What is the purpose of an enzyme? How do they work? What alters how well they can work?

Conditions affecting enzymes pH (this is why we have buffers – HONORS ONLY) Temperature Others…

Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane Hydrophobic! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Examples Common Functions Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Cellulose Energy & structure Lipids ---- --- Fats (oils) Phospholipids Steroids Energy, warmth, cushion, membrane Hydrophobic! Proteins Amino acids polypeptides Enzymes Catalyze reactions Defend your body Build structures Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Nucleic acids DNA/RNA Hereditary material

Parts of a scientific paper Section Purpose Title Lets you know what paper is about/help you decide if you want to read it Abstract Overview of entire paper, including intro, methods, results and discussion Introduction Give background necessary to understand the experiment Materials Gives supplies you would need to do the experiment yourself (often combined with methods) Methods Tells you how do the experiment: also you to do experiment yourself or verify the authors did a “good” experiment Results The data collected during your experiment. NO INTERPRETATION OF DATA (sometimes combined with discussion) Discussion Tell you what the authors think the results mean and how they fit into larger scientific questions Acknowledgements Thanks people who didn’t do the experiments, but who helped in some way Literature Cited References List of other articles or books that were references in the publication