Unit 1 Notes: Carbohydrates

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1 Notes: Carbohydrates Tuesday 9-13-2011 Unit 1 Notes: Carbohydrates

(1) What is a Carbohydrate? Type of Biomolecule Means: “hydrated carbon” Has the same ratio of H and O as in Water.

(2) Element Composition: Carbon (C)  The “backbone” of the molecule. Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

(3) Monomer: Monomer: Basic unit or Smallest unit of a polymer (larger molecule). Carbohydrate Monomer: Monosaccharide = Single Sugar

(4) Polymer: Polymer: A larger structure (molecule) made of many smaller units (monomers). Carbohydrate Polymer: Polysaccharide = Many sugars

(5) Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide = 1 Sugar Simple Sugar or Carb Examples: Glucose, Fructose Disaccharide = 2 Sugars Examples: Sucrose, Maltose Polysaccharide = Many Sugars Complex Sugar or Carb Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

(6) Function: Major: Minor: Immediate energy Intermediate energy Cell Structure

(7) Food Examples: Table Sugar Bread Pastries Plants (cell walls / outer covering) Potatoes Whole Grains

(8) Simple vs. Complex Carbs RECALL: Energy is stored in bonds More Bonds = More Energy Simple Carb: Small molecule, Few molecules Few bonds  Little Energy Few bonds  Break Fast Complex Carb: Large molecule, Many parts Many bonds  Lots of Energy Many bonds  Break Slowly