Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates In myMCPS click on File, Make a Copy in order to access the links in the google slide

Structure of a Carbohydrate Production of Carbohydrates What process make glucose? What polysaccharide is made in animals? (1) What polysaccharides are made in plants? (2) What elements are found in carbohydrates? What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? What is the basic chemical formula for the monomer? Give an example of a monomer: Function in Plants and Animal cells Diagrams of Carbohydrates Draw the basic shape of a monosaccharide (you do not need to label the atoms) Draw the basic shape of a polysaccharide What is the function of simple sugars in the body? What is the function of glycogen? What is the function of starch? What is the function of cellulose?

Resources: Use the following resources to be able to fill out your carbohydrates foldable Cliff Notes Reading: What is an organic molecule video Slide Presentation: Carbohydrates Video (Excellent, but technical) Basics of Biomolecules: Carbohydrates Video Amoeba Sisters Biomolecules Video

Carbohydrates Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the human body. The body can obtain energy from lipids and proteins, but carbs are used first if available Carbs are easily broken down by the body The energy stored in carbs is captured and ultimately transferred to another molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP is the actual energy source for all cell processes including communication, growth, repair, and reproduction Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Carbohydrates Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson All carbohydrates are made up of only three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. All carbs are composed of simple sugars (composed on one monomer) – called monosaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides: Glucose – the primary building block of many complex carbohydrates that are essential for our bodies; common sweetener used in foods Fructose – simple sugar found in many fruits Deoxyribose – the sugar molecule used to form DNA Ribose – the sugar molecule used to form RNA Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Choose One . Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies for… ? Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Choose One . Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies for… ? Structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails Building genetic material Energy storage Lipid storage Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

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Monosaccharides Glucose ©iStockphoto.com Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Monosaccharides Glucose ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Disaccharides Sucrose Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Disaccharides A disaccharide is a carbohydrate created when two monosaccharides are linked together. ©iStockphoto.com Examples of disacchardies: Sucrose – glucose linked to fructose (common table sugar) Maltose – two linked glucose molecules (sugar used to make malted candy and milkshakes) Lactose – glucose linked to galactose (sugar found in cow’s milk) Sucrose Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Polysaccharides Starch Name of PowerPoint Polysaccharides Name of Course Name of Lesson A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate created when three or more monosaccharides are linked together (polysaccharides can contains hundreds or even thousands of sugar units bonded together). These carbohydrates are referred to as complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates: Don’t taste sweet Are insoluble in water High energy foods that can be harnessed for energy Starch ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Polysaccharides Animals, including humans, combine multiple glucose molecules obtained from food to form glycogen. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle tissue to use as an energy source for when the body needs it. Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Choose One . The molecule shown below is a … ? Disaccharide Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Choose One . The molecule shown below is a … ? Disaccharide Monosaccharide Complex Carbohydrate Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

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Look closely, which types of molecules have bonds shown in yellow? These molecules can be used for chemical energy