Organic Compounds Biochemistry Compounds containing carbon that make up living things

Most of a living thing is water (60-95%) The bulk of the remaining matter is organic compounds and contain carbon

4 Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates composed of C, H, and O; in a 1:2:1 ratio (i.e. C6H12O6) called the sugars ring shaped molecules

Structural formula of a simple carbohydrate

Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides 2 monosaccharides bond to form a disaccharide Numerous monosaccharides bond to form polysaccharides

Polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides

FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES main energy source for all living things - short-term energy storage (glucose, starch or amylose, glycogen) Structural (cellulose that make up plant cell walls)

Lipids composed of C, H and O (one type contains phosphorus) formed by bonding glycerol and fatty acids (3 fatty acids can bond to a glycerol molecule)

FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS wax (covering of plants to prevent evaporation of H2O) oil (long-term energy storage in plants)

FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS fats (long term energy storage in animals and insulation) phospholipids (make up cell membranes) Steroids (such as cholesterol and sex hormones)

Proteins composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S monomers are amino acids there are 20 different types of amino acids that bond in long chains (12 of the amino acids are made by the human body; the rest must be consumed in food)

Basic structure of an amino acid

Amino Acids

Proteins are long chains of amino acids

The amino acids make bonds with each other to form a globular shape

Antibody and flu virus

Functions & Examples of Protein antibodies or immunoglobulins (made during an infection or when giving a vaccine) collagen (protein found in skin) enzymes (speed up chemical reactions in cells) contractile proteins found in muscle

most hormones (such as insulin) transport proteins in membranes (function in facilitated diffusion) keratin in hair and nails hemoglobin in red blood cells that transport oxygen

Nucleic Acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA) makes up the genetics of a cell – determines what types of proteins will be produced that determines traits made of C, H, O, N and P atoms

monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides

Nucleotides are made of a phosphate, sugar and a nitrogen base

Long chains of nucleotides make nucleic acids

GROUP QUIZ TIME!

glycerol and fatty acids monosaccharides What are the monomers of proteins? (What small molecules bond together to make proteins?) amino acids nucleotides glycerol and fatty acids monosaccharides

DNA & RNA belong to which group of compounds? proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates

What compounds are made from glycerol and fatty acids? proteins lipids nucleic acids polysaccharides

Most organic compounds are which type? carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

Identify this biomolecule

What sugars are found in nucleic acids? Sucrose and starch Lactose and glycogen Glucose and cellulose Ribose and deoxyribose

All of these are carbohydrates EXCEPT Ribose Lactose Hemoglobin Deoxyribose

These contain the most energy per gram that mammals can store for long periods of time Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids

Proteins are composed of which group of elements? C, H, N, O and sometimes S O, S, H, C C, H, Ca and sometimes P K, Na, O, C and sometimes N and Na