Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers

How many waters would be produced?

Carbohydrates Sugars End in -ose CH2O POLYMER, built of monosaccharide sugars

Classes of Saccharides Monsaccharides Disaccharides Simple sugars Polysaccharides Complex sugars

Figure 5.3 The structure and classification of some monosaccharides

Figure 5.3x Hexose sugars Just because they have the same chemical formula does not mean they look the same. Different shapes = different functions Glucose Galactose

Figure 5.4 Linear and ring forms of glucose

Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis

Figure 5.5x Glucose monomer and disaccharides Sucrose Maltose

Mono and Disaccharides Primarily used for energy in the body.

Polysaccharides thousands of monosaccharides linked together Storage and structural roles Glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin (contains nitrogen)

Figure 5.7a Starch and cellulose structures

Figure 5.7b,c Starch and cellulose structures

Figure 5.7x Starch and cellulose molecular models  Glucose  Glucose Cellulose Starch

Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides

Figure 5.8 The arrangement of cellulose in plant cell walls

Fiber Largely undigestable – Still important to your diet, helps promote contractions of intestinal lining.

Figure 5.x1 Cellulose digestion: termite and Trichonympha

Figure 5.x2 Cellulose digestion: cow

Chitin Low weight, high strength material.

Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide: exoskeleton and surgical thread