College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University Impact of Participatory Village Development Planning (PVDP) on Poverty alleviation program in China Prof. Dr. Li Xiaoyun Dean of College of Humanities and Development, School of Public Policy and Administration, China Agricultural University

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University The Procedure of PVDP Three steps: Identification of poor villages Formulation of participatory development planning The county-level integration of the village-level participatory development plans Two key steps

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University Type of poverty Poverty Indicator & Unit of Measure Livelihood poverty Production of grain per person per year (kg) Cash receipts per person per year (yuan) Quality of housing. % from brick Infrastructure poverty % of households with access to potable water within one hour of their home % of households with access to a reliable electricity supply Number of associated natural villages without an all weather road link to the County town Human resource poverty Number of health assistance requests in the past year from women as a % of the number of females, 12 years and older, resident in the village. % of eligible children not attending school Method for Identification of poor village Method: weighted Participatory Poverty Index (PPI) 8 key indicators Calculating formula: PPI=  ( Iij * w ij ) * w i

Household Classification Background Analysis Household Classification Poverty Cause Analysis Project Need Aggregation Household Project Selection SWOT & Feasibility Analysis Project Identification Village Poverty Reduction Plan Implementation Plan Participatory Discussion Participatory Meeting Village Leader & Key Informants Support Need Aggregation

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 2. Impact of the targeting mechanism 2.1. coverage of the interventions at three levels Before PVDP Now Counties involved 592 1861 1269 Percentage of counties covered 21.9% 68.8% 46.9% The poor population covered 53% 88.4% 30%

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 2.2 Efficacy of the village targeting (one township in each province selected) Province The total nr. Of poor villages considered by health ranking Number of the poor villages selected Number of non-poor villages selected Targeting rate of poor villages （%） P1 25 100 P2 16 15 1 93 P3 23 18 5 72 Total 64 58 6 90

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 2.3 The resource distribution between the poor and non-poor village

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 2.4 the change of the fund distribution Year 2002 Year 2005 Average poverty reduction fund to per household 52.5 Yuan 747.5 Yuan 695 Targeting coverage of poor household 6.5% 9.6% 3.1%

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University The poverty alleviation fund obtained by the household in the key alleviation county

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 3. Impact on village level democracy The Poor Participating planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation process by workshop, labor and money input and other ways. More poor people know the poverty reduction project information More poor people know the poverty reduction project information by formal way, such as workshop, public show documents, etc.

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University Improving the poor participation in decision-making More poor participation of planning 2005 61.6% of the household-level projects had been approved by the villagers the households which have select the projects themselves account for 36.1% of the households which participated in the project planning.

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University Promoting the integrated development of the rural community focusing more on the construction of infrastructure Integrated development planning: Social, economic, environmental, Capacity building need are all involved

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 4. Critical issues: PVDP can significantly improve village targeting and improve transparency and democracy; But poor house targeting is till less efficient due to many reasons; ADB’s new support by building government and NGOs partnership is undergoing

College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University Questions and comments?