NAPOLEON BONAPARTE FRENCH SOCIETY WAS A MESS AFTER REVOLUTION & REIGN OF TERROR– NAPOLEON TOOK IT AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ADVANCE HIMSELF

Napoleon Born in Corsica Family was minor nobility

Napoleon Age 9 started military training 20 years old during the Revolution Favored Jacobins & republican rule As a child was awkward & shy- suffered taunting – brilliant student of history and military topics 1789: French Revolution: became a supporter of the new regime *** as many officers left France to escape the Revolution- Napoleon began to earn promotions FRENCH SOCIETY WAS A MESS AFTER REVOLUTION ***

Early Success Won victories against, Austria & captured parts of Northern Italy 1798: Led an expedition to Egypt looking to end British trade with India Campaign was a disaster but he hid stories from French admirers 1795: put down a rebellion in Paris -- led French forces to a victory over Austria (gained Belgium) ** July 1789: Egypt: goal was to threaten British control of India –superior on land but British beat them on Sea -- Still returned a hero

Discontent in France 1798: (while in Egypt) French government was threatened by unrest Allied powers seemed ready to invade Napoleon saw this as his opportunity to help his country

ROSETTA STONE Provided the key to understanding hieroglyphics

The Coronation of Emperor Napoleon & Empress Josephine

Emperor 1799: Coup d’etat 1804: named himself Emperor of France helped overthrow the Directory & set up the Consulate 1804: named himself Emperor of France Leaders of the Republic saw Napoleon as the answer to their problems– this Period of Rule became known as the Consulate eventually took the title first Consul **he took sole authority to rule – majority of French ok with rule bc they were tired of Revolution & instability

France under Napoleon Reforms – to restore economy Napoleon: Controlled prices, encouraged industry and built roads and canals. Made peace with the Catholic Church Kept Church under state control but allowed religious freedom for Catholics Recognized the peasants rights to land they bought from Church Made jobs open to “all talent” Encouraged emigres to return (took an oath of loyalty

Napoleonic Code Based on enlightenment thinking Equality for all citizens Religious toleration 1804: french civil code – forbade privledges based on birth , allowed religious freedom , government jobs went to the most qualified --- helped to clearly replace feudal laws – it set up a single set of laws for France *** with regard to family set up husband as superior to wife & child but did allow for divorce

Building an Empire Annexed areas to France Netherlands Belgium Parts of Italy & Germany Controlled most of Europe through diplomacy Putting friends & relatives on thrones in Europe His brother Joseph took the throne in Spain Napoleon’s popularity soared -

Building an Empire Controlled lands from Spain to Russian border The beginning of the end was when he waged war against England & Russia at the same time

Conquests were Positive and Negative Would spread Revolutionary ideas to the lands he conquered Would also spread nationalism (people would revolt against him)

Defeat Britain, Prussia, Austria & Russia united to defeat him Russian Winter: Napoleon was unprepared Russians practiced a slash & burn policy

Exile 1814 Captured by Russians 1815 Exiled to the island of Elba February he escaped & ruled France until he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo While in exile he wrote a journal about his life Waterloo- 50,000 people died in battle ELBA

Exile Once again exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died Some question if he was poisoned --- with napoleon out of the picture Louis XVIII ruled *** many of the rights people for & died for during the revolution were taken away **** 1815-1914 peace was only on the surface of Europe

Where Napoleon stayed

Dying from stomach cancer

NAPOLEON’S TOMB

Life After Napoleon Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) ruled France Many of the rights people died for during the Revolution were taken away