NDRG1/Cap43/Drg-1 may Predict Tumor Angiogenesis and Poor Outcome in Patients with Lung Cancer Koichi Azuma, MD, PhD, Akihiko Kawahara, PhD, Satoshi.

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NDRG1/Cap43/Drg-1 may Predict Tumor Angiogenesis and Poor Outcome in Patients with Lung Cancer Koichi Azuma, MD, PhD, Akihiko Kawahara, PhD, Satoshi Hattori, PhD, Tomoki Taira, PhD, Junji Tsurutani, MD, PhD, Kosuke Watari, PhD, Tomohiro Shibata, PhD, Yuichi Murakami, PhD, Shinzo Takamori, MD, PhD, Mayumi Ono, PhD, Hiroto Izumi, MD, PhD, Masayoshi Kage, MD, PhD, Takashi Yanagawa, PhD, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, MD, PhD, Tomoaki Hoshino, MD, PhD, Michihiko Kuwano, MD, PhD Journal of Thoracic Oncology Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 779-789 (May 2012) DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4 Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Lack of correlation between NDRG1/Cap43 expression level and expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, and c-MET in human lung cancer. A, Expression of NDRG1/Cap43 in seven cell lines was determined by Western blot analysis in a human lung cancer cell line panel. B, A549 and QG56 cells were treated with 25, 50, and 100 nmol/l NDRG1 siRNA for 72 hours, and the effects of NDRG1 knockdown on expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, and c-MET were evaluated by Western blotting. NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1; siRNA, Small interfering RNA. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Lack of effect of NDRG1 knockdown on cell proliferation in vitro. A, Comparison of cell growth between NDRG1 siRNA transfectants and mock transfectants in A549 and QG56. Cell proliferation in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FBS was measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Columns indicate mean values from three independent experiments; bars represent SD. B, Expression of NDRG1/Cap43 in NDRG1 siRNA transfectants or mock transfectants in two lung cancer cell lines determined by Western blot analysis. NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1; FBS, fetal bovine serum; siRNA, Small interfering RNA. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Effects of NDRG1/Cap43 knockdown on expression of VEGF-A and IL-8/CXCL8. A and B Comparison of 24-hour VEGF-A and IL-8 protein production between NDRG1-knockdown cell lines and their parental counterpart by ELISA assay in A549 (A) and QG56 (B). Columns represent mean values from triplicate experiments; bars represent SD. *p < 0.05: Comparison between NDRG1/Cap43 siRNA versus mock transfectants. NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-A; IL-8, interleukin-8; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, siRNA, small interfering RNA. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 Comparison of tumor growth and angiogenesis between NDRG1/Cap43 siRNA transfectants and corresponding mock transfectants. A, mean tumor volumes with SD for groups of A549/sic-9 or A549/Mock5 inoculated with 1 × 107 cells. Tumor volumes were determined every week. B, Representative photographs of tumor sections stained with anti-CD34 (microvascular density) from A549/sic-9 and A549/Mock5. C, The mean microvessel densities for tumor sections from A549/sic-9 and A549/Mock5 were determined by counting the number of CD34-positive vessels in high-power fields of each section. Columns show mean values with SD from three independent experiments. D, Representative photographs of assay chambers containing NDRG1 siRNA transfectants and mock transfectants. E, The angiogenic responses were evaluated by counting the number of new blood vessels. Columns indicate mean values with SD from independents experiments. *p<0.05 significant difference between NDRG1 siRNA and mock transfectants. NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1; siRNA, small interfering RNA. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 5 Expression of NDRG1/Cap43 in human lung cancer specimens analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A and B, Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of NDRG1/Cap43 can be seen in the tumor cells of adenocarcinoma (A) and squamous cell carcinoma (B). C, Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival in relation to NDRG1/Cap43 expression levels for adenocarcinoma (Fig. 5C left) and squamous cell carcinoma (Fig. 5C right). NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 6 Correlation between N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1(NDRG1)/Cap43 expression and microvascular density(MVD) in human lung cancer specimens. IHC analysis of microvessels in lung cancer samples using CD34 antibody. A, tumor areas with low and high vessel densities are evident in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. B, Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival in relation to MVD levels for adenocarcinoma (A left) and squamous cell carcinoma (B right). C, Correlation between NDRG1/Cap43 expression and MVD. In patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the median value of MVD in NDRG1/Cap43-negative specimens was 2793 and 731, and in NDRG1/Cap43-positive specimens was 4370 and 1146, respectively. IHC, immunohistochemistry. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 779-789DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31824c92b4) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions