Persistent plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene expression in cardiac transplant recipients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Romana Schäfer,

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Persistent plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene expression in cardiac transplant recipients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Romana Schäfer, PhD, Katharina Krenn, MD, Matthias Gmeiner, MD, Dietmar Abraham, PhD, Seyedhossein Aharinejad, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 139, Issue 6, Pages 1644-1651 (June 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071 Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A, Quantification of mRNA expression levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 and 2 in cardiac biopsy specimens of control subjects and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). B, Quantification of protein expression levels of pro uPA, active uPA, latent PAI-1, and active PAI-1 in cardiac biopsy specimens of control subjects and patients with DCM and ICM. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. ∗P < .05 compared with control subjects. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010 139, 1644-1651DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071) Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 A, Quantification of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) mRNA expression in cardiac biopsy specimens at 1 to 52 weeks after heart transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). B, Quantification of PAI-1 serum levels at 1 to 52 weeks after heart transplantation of patients with DCM and ICM. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. ∗P < .05 compared with control subjects. †P < .05 compared with patients with ICM. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010 139, 1644-1651DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071) Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 A, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation in organ cultures isolated from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Quantification of mRNA expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 is shown. B, Endothelial cells incubated with sera obtained from control subjects or patients with DCM or ICM for 24 and 48 hours. Quantification of protein expression of PAI-1 is shown. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. ∗P < .05 compared with control subjects. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010 139, 1644-1651DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071) Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 In vitro stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A of endothelial cells cultured with serum from control subjects and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). A, Quantification of VEGF-A–stimulated cell proliferation of endothelial cells cultured with patients' pretransplantation sera. B, Quantification of proliferation in endothelial cells stimulated with VEGF-A cultured with patient serum obtained 4 and 52 weeks after transplantation. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. ∗P < .05 compared with control subjects. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010 139, 1644-1651DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071) Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Quantification of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) target genes (EGR-1 and NAB-2) in VEGF-A–stimulated endothelial cells cultivated with patients' sera. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. ∗P < .05 compared with control subjects. DCM, Dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010 139, 1644-1651DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.071) Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions