Galileo Galilei and the Scientific Method Istituto comprensivo IC Don Milani – Firenze Scuola secondaria primo grado Don Milani Docenti: -Bellone Licia (inglese) -Bellucci Beatrice (scienze) -Bini Michela (lettere) -Alderighi Pier Francesco (lettere) Classi 1A-1B-2C Progetto EPIC@ rete senza confini

GUESS WHO?

Galileo Galilei and the Scientific Method «MATHEMATICS IS THE ALPHABET WITH WHICH GOD HAS WRITTEN THE UNIVERSE» «IN QUESTIONS OF SCIENCE, THE AUTHORITY OF A THOUSAND IS NOT WORTH THE HUMBLE REASONING OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL» 3

Connect each word with the correct image HELIOCENTRIC MODEL WEIGHT SPEED PENDULUM TELESCOPE SCIENTIFIC METHOD SWING

Biography Occupation: Scientist, Physicist, Mathematician and Astronomer Born: February 15, 1564 in Pisa, Italy Died: January 8, 1642 Tuscany, Italy Famous for: improving the telescope to study the planets and stars He is called the «Father of modern science» 5

School years -Born in 1564, in Pisa, Italy, Galileo goes to school in Camaldoli (Arezzo) -He studies medicine at the University of Pisa and then he studies mathematics. He is interested in geometry. -After he teaches mathematics at both the University of Pisa and the University of Padova. -In this period Galileo carries out lots of experiments: -the speed of things falling -the swing of the pendulum SPEED SWING 6

The Scientific Method 7

Scientific Method Song First you make an observation of the world around Take notes and record all the things that you found Then you ask a simple question something that you want to learn Then you form a hypothesis to explain what you observed Then you make a prediction about how it's gonna go Do a test with a control and variable Then you analyze the data and draw a conclusion Do the scientific method to avoid all confusion Make an OBSERVATION Ask a QUESTION Form a HYPOTHESIS And make a PREDICTION Do a TEST or EXPERIMENTATION Analyze data and draw a CONCLUSION

Tower of Pisa Experiment People believe that if you drop two objects of different weights, but the same size and shape, the heavier item lands first. Galileo tests this idea. From the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa Galileo dropps two balls of the same size, but different weights (different materials): the two balls land at the same time! WEIGHT SIZE SHAPE 10

The telescope -Galileo uses an invention from Holland called the TELESCOPE: distant objects appear much closer by the telescope. -He builds his old telescope and makes great improvements to it. -He begins to view the planets with the telescope. Galileo makes many discoveries using his telescope including: -the four large moons around Jupiter -the phases of the planet Venus -sunspots -craters of the Moon 11

The heliocentric model Galileo is the first scientist to prove that the sun is in the middle of the Universe and the other planets revolve around it. Pretty clever man indeed! He improves the telescope and he sees the Jupiter’s moons for the first time. He also sees a lot of craters on the Moon. He was brilliant! 12

The heliocentric model Heliocentric means that everything orbits around the sun. The Catholic Church is not happy at all, it is so different to their beliefs, they put him under house arrest: he is a prisoner in his own home for the rest of his life. 13

Modern scientists WHAT DO THESE SCIENTISTS STUDY? The astronomer studies: outer space focusing on celestial bodies such as stars, comets, planets, and galaxies The chemist: The botanist: The geologist: The zoologist: 14

Do you know what… is? Mathematics is… studies…. Swing is…. Thermometer is… Telescope is… 15

Homework for each group -Biography -Main experiments -Heliocentric theory -The telescope/findings -The scientific method

Modern scientists The astronomer studies: outer space focusing on celestial bodies such as stars, comets, planets, and galaxies A chemist studies the composition of matter and its properties A botanist or plant scientist studies the science of plant life, a branch of biology. A geologist studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that have shaped it. The zoologist studies animals and their behaviour. 17

Other words to know Key Words Mathematics – the study of numbers, shapes and quantities. Swing – a specific movement . Thermometer – an instrument that can measure changes in temperature. Telescope – a piece of equipment that magnifies what you see through it, making things appear bigger and closer. Telescopes are often used to look at stars, moons and planets. 18