Mission Support Division EU and Civilian Missions: How Does the System for Sending Civilians in Peace Support Operation Function? Ivo GOMBALA Head of Sector, MSP Coordinator Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Belgrade, 15th of December 2017 Mission Support Division

CONTENT I. General Crises Management Structures of the EU Crisis Management Structures of the EEAS Standard versus fast track procedure CPCC ? Current dynamic Financial basis

Crises Management Structures of the EU The Political and Security Committee (PSC) – exercises political control and strategic direction of the EU's crises management operations The European Union Military Committee (EUMC) – the highest military body within the Council, provide advice and recommendations on all military matters within the EU The Politico-Military Group (PMG) – civilian/military meeting format preparing and supporting the PSC (political aspects of EU military and civil-military issues) Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM) – recommendations and advice on civilian aspects of crises management to the PSC Working Party of Foreign Relations Counsellors (RELEX) – discussion on all legal and financial aspects of CFSP and all its instruments, including CSDP

Crisis Management Structures of the EEAS High Representative / Vice President of the EC Crisis Management Structures of the EEAS Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Crises Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD) European Union Military Staff (EUMS) Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) Operational Planning Operational Capability Conduct of Operations Mission Support Integrated Strategic Planning Capabilities, Concepts, Training & Exercises CSDP Policy, Partnerships and Agreements Concept & Capabilities Intelligence Operations Logistics CIS Operational Planning Conduct of non- executive Missions Deployment and recovery as well as budgeting, auditing and reporting One OHQ for each mil CSDP Operation One CivOpCdr for all civ CSDP Missions

CPCC within EEAS Single permanent OHQ for civilian CSDP-missions EEAS service providing advice to HR within its area of expertise Operational planning for new missions: CONOPS, Mission Budget, Support to OPLAN Conduct: oversight of mandate implementation; Mission support: logistics, equipment, finances, human resources, disciplinary matters Manages force generation for civilian CSDP missions Reporting to HR and Council (reports to PSC and CIVCOM) Develops and/or contribute to the development of operational guidelines and concepts/policies Coordinates with the other EEAS services and the Commission (synergies and comprehensive approach) as well as with EU MS, Third States and key IOs (NATO, UN, OSCE, AU, Europol, Interpol, EGF, Frontex)

Current dynamic Council conclusions on progress in implementing the EU Global Strategy in the area of Security and Defence – March and November 2017 MPCC (Military Planning and Conduct capability) Joint Support Coordination Cell PESCO (Permanent Cooperation Structure) Responsiveness capacity

Standard Planning Procedure Council decision to establish civ. CSDP mission PFCA CMC CONOPS OPLAN CivOpsCdr evaluates IOC Council decision to launch the mission

Fast track PFCA CMC CONOPS OPLAN CivOpsCdr evaluates IOC Council decision to establish civ. CSDP mission PFCA CMC CONOPS OPLAN CivOpsCdr evaluates IOC Council decision to launch the mission

Financial setup CFSP budget is part of EC Budget Heading IV “External Action”- ( operational budget-line 1903) Civilian mission represent 85% of CFSP Budget is determined on yearly basis Commission is the budget implementation authority Mission budget - Specific Budgetary Impact Statements - annex to CD - Financing Agreement Ex-ante and ex-post financial management FPI.3 (EC) is both Contracting and Budgetary Authority

CONTENT II. Human resources Staff categories Financial aspects Staff Administration Selection & Recruitment Tips for application Tips for interviews Challenges

Staff categories Personnel can be seconded to the Mission by the EU MS or participating third countries as well as from the EU Institutions Personnel may also directly be contracted by the Missions (international or nationally). Calls for Contributions ( CfCs) addressed to Member States or participating third countries Council Guidelines on Force Generation

CSDP Missions staff- figures of 31.10.2017 There were 737 Seconded National Staff from the MS 19 Seconded of Third States 489 contracted from MS + 6 from TS 744 Contracted National Staff

Financial aspects Staff categories: Seconded EU MS – only allowances paid by the Mission, e.g. per diem, hard ship and risk , and high risk insurance Third State – has to bear all costs (Council Documents 7291/09 (10 March 2009) and 9084/13 (30 April 2013) Contracted (Individual applies independently from the MS or Third Contributing State for a seconded/contracted position) (Salary and allowances paid by the Mission)

Staff Administration Selection & Recruitment Deployment Extension PER Termination (Repatriation, Resignation) End of Contract Procedure (Check out)

Selection & Recruitment Calls for Contributions (CfCs) - Goalkeeper Force Generation for the civilian CSDP Missions: A planning guide for Member States Seconding Authorities (Sept. 2016) Management categories (Operations & Mission Support) Job Descriptions (reporting line, main tasks and responsibilities, Mission specific tasks & responsibilities and essential and desirable qualification and experience

Selection & Recruitment (cont.) Essential requirements : citizenship; integrity; communication skills; language skills; flexibility and adaptability; availability; physical & mental health; computer skills; education and driving licence.

Selection & Recruitment (cont.) Desirable requirements : knowledge of the EU Institutions; knowledge of the Mission areas (history, culture, social and political situation of the region, knowledge of the police, judiciary and governmental structures …); knowledge and experience of Security Sector Reform; training and experience (attendance of Civilian Crisis Management Course or equivalent); driving licence (C).

Selection & Recruitment (cont.) Selection process (applications, panels, shortlist, written test (if any), interviews, selection letters, non-selection letters) Recruitment process Deployment 16 weeks from the extension request to deployment (20 weeks for the contracted)

Selection & Recruitment (cont.) Essential documents : Passport (if possible Service or Diplomatic Passport); Visas; Required Personnel Security Clearance; Certificate of vaccination; Medical certificate; Personal protection equipment (Police/Military Officers – bullet proof vest & helmet and a 9mm duty side arm with 100 rounds of ammunition upon deployment).

Tips for applications Do not apply for a position you do not want to get Be realistic in your language assessment (C1 or C2 – proficient user is welcomed) Education – be sure that corresponds with the publication (JD) Read again what you wrote in the motivation part of the form

Tips for interviews Know how the Chain of command functions (PSC, CPCC, CMPD …) and what is the mandate of the Mission about Motivation for a post – key factor Be structured in your replies (both too long and too short replies are not recommended) Read last 3 Mission's monthly reports, last 6MR and OPLAN Be ready for competence based questions (3 achievements, SWOT, what you did when you disagreed with your boss/colleague, problem solving …) Be curious (google all about the country, watch world news etc.) Double-check your CV (more opinions is better) Call Desk Officer for a Mission if there is some frontrunner

CfC life cycle Week 16 – 13 Extension Requests Week 12 – 10 CfC advertised at webpage Week 9 Communication Mission/ HQ Week 8 – 5 Interviews Week 4 – 1 Selection/Non-selection Week 0 Deployment

Challenges - Missing pre-deployment training - Language Skills - Late deployments - Expertise Administration, Rule of Law - Screening of Applications - HEAT?

Questions?

Funding of EU military operations 1. TREATY on EUROPEAN UNION: EU Operations, having military or defence implications cannot be funded from the EU budget unless the Council decides otherwise. 2. Main funding principle: “Cost lie, where they fall.” 3. Common Costs funding: The “ATHENA” Council Decision established a mechanism to administer the financing of the common costs of EU operations having military or defence implications As stated in Treaty of EU, MS contributions to EU budget cannot be used for financing of EU CSDP military operations which have military or defence implications. This create the biggest difference between funding of NATO operations where costs for commonly used efforts (e.g. multinational HQs) are funded from NATO budget. The main funding principle is used in both organisations. To enable common funding, in 2004, the EU Council established a permanent "mechanism to administer the financing of the common costs of EU operations having military or defence implications", called ATHENA, which acts on behalf of the participating Member States (except Denmark). ATHENA is managed under the authority of a Special Committee (SC) composed of a representative of each participating MS. EEAS representative (from EUMS LogDir) attends the meetings of the Special Committee without taking part in its votes. UNCLASS

Funding of EU military operations Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/528 establishing a mechanism to administer the financing of the common costs of EU operations having military or defence implications (Athena) of 27 March 2015 Common Costs funding: Headquarters Certain infrastructure works Medical services Satellite images Transport to and from the theatre Support and recovery of the forces Further expenditure authorised by SC Main legal framework: Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/528 establishing a mechanism to administer the financing of the common costs of EU operations having military or defence implications (Athena) of 27 March 2015; Act of the Special Committee Financial Rules Applicable to expenditure financed through Athena, doc. 16-0139, dated 16 March 2016. ATHENA covers, basically, the common costs reported in the slide. Further expenditure may be authorized by the Special Committee upon request by the operation/mission commander who bears the overall financial responsibility. Regarding MPCC, established on 8 July 2017, the Director of the MPCC as missions' Cdr in order to ensure the continuity of budgeting, contracting and financial support in ground has delegated duties of Authorising Officer in respect of EUTMs budget titles to the respective EU MFCdrs. UNCLASS

Funding of EU military operations Managed by ATHENA Managed by States participating in the Ops Common Costs TPFC NBC Other costs This diagramme shows the proporcions of common costs, nation borne costs, third party financial contributions and nations costs on overall costs of operation. Common costs are funded by all 27 member states (Denmark opt-out), NBC and other costs are funded by troop contributing (participating) nations. Last but not least, third party contributions are funded by third entities (third party or a Member State). Its management is entrusted to Athena after Athena Special Committee approval following PSC decision. 27 EU Member States (collectively) Third party Troop Contributing nations (EU MS and 3rd states participating in the operation) UNCLASS