BELLWORK Write the following definition in your science notebook: Lithification – the process of compacting and cementing sedimentary rock.

Igneous Rocks Chapter 14 – Section 2

Where do igneous rocks come from? Magma cools and then solidifies (hardens). Igneous rocks are known as “fire rocks”. Composition: When fluids such as water combine with rock, the composition of the rock changes, which lowers the melting point of the rock enough to melt it. Temperature: A rise in temperature can cause the minerals in a rock to melt. Different melting point cause some minerals to melt while other minerals remain solid. Pressure: The high pressure deep inside the Earth forces minerals to remain solid. When hot rock rises to shallow depths, the pressure in the rock is released, and the minerals can melt.

The amount of time it takes for igneous rocks to cool determines the texture. Fast cooling lava Fine-grained igneous rock Slow-cooling magma Course-grained igneous rock

Intrusive igneous rock – forms “in” the Earth. Batholith – the largest of all igneous intrusions. Pluton (or stock) – smaller areas of igneous intrusions. Dikes – cut across previous rocks. Sills – between previous rocks. Slow-cooling – large crystals grow.

Extrusive igneous rock – lava “exits” the Earth. Lava flow – forms when lava erupts from a volcano. Fissure – long cracks in the crust that lava flows from. Found on the ocean floor. Can form lava plateaus (lava covers a large area). Fast-cooling – fine crystal size.

Igneous Rock Types Andesite Basalt Diorite Gabbro Granite Obsidian Igneous Rock Types Menu              Andesite              Basalt              Diorite              Gabbro              Granite              Obsidian              Pegmatite              Peridotite              Pumice              Rhyolite              Scoria              Tuff

Rock Song (Tune: Row, Row, Row Your Boat) Ig, Ig, Igneous Igneous is here. Magma cools and solidifies And igneous appears.

QUIZ What 3 things can affect the melting of rock? What determines the texture of igneous rock? What are the 2 classifications of igneous rock? (HINT: Where they cool!)

Name the two types of igneous rock and where they form. BELLWORK Name the two types of igneous rock and where they form.

Chapter 14 - Section 3

Sedimentary Rock Formed from sediments deposited from weathering and erosion. Forms at or near Earth’s surface. New layers cover old layers that compact. Minerals such as calcite and quartz cement the sediments together.

Strata stratification The layers in sedimentary rock. The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers is called stratification

Composition Sedimentary rocks are classified by the way in which it forms. Clastic – formed when minerals such as calcite and quartz cement rock fragments together. Sandstone, conglomerate, shale, siltstone Chemical – formed from solutions of dissolved minerals and water. Halite, gypsum, limestone Organic – formed from the remains of plants or animals. Limestone, coal

Sedimentary Rock Types breccia chert coal conglomerate iron ore limestone rock salt sandstone shale siltstone

Quiz Name the 3 types of sedimentary rocks.

BELLWORK What are the two types of igneous rock? What are the three types of sedimentary rock?

Metamorphic Rocks Chapter 14 – Section 4

Metamorphic Rock Greek Meta means change Morphos means shape In metamorphic rocks, the structure, texture or composition of the rock has changed.

Metamorphic Rock The sedimentary rock shale becomes slate becomes phyllite becomes schist becomes gneiss

Heat and Pressure If the heat and pressure are different from where the rock formed, metamorphism will take place. Most takes place at depths greater than 2 km. Pressure from movement deep in the Earth can also cause metamorphism.

Regions of Metamorphic Rock in the US

Metamorphism Contact Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism As magma moves through the crust, it comes in contact with other rocks and changes them. Regional Metamorphism Heat and pressure builds up due to large pieces of crust colliding. Rocks deform and chemically change.

Textures Foliated – the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands. Nonfoliated – the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

Deformation A change in the shape of a rock caused by a force place it.

Metamorphic Rock Types Amphibolite Gneiss Hornfels Marble Phyllite Quartzite Schist Slate amphibolite gneiss hornfels marble phyllite quartzite schist slate

QUIZ What is the difference between contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism?