War in the Pacific.

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The U.S. in the Pacific

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Presentation transcript:

War in the Pacific

Background Japan invades China in 1937. Japan joins the Axis in Sept 1940. US, British, and Dutch impose oil embargo in July 1941 on Japan Japanese expect armed conflict with U.S. continue false negotiations. US population focused on war in Europe.

Situation Successful opening offensive! Growing Japanese Empire starved for resources Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Pre-emptive Strike Successful opening offensive! Border extended 14,200mi Over half the earth’s circumference Each attack in an area larger then European and Mediterranean Theatres combined

Defensive Phase Offensive Phase Pearl Harbor Wake Is. Kiska/Attu – Aleutians Philippines (Bataan) Guam “Turning Point”

Midway - June 1942 Japanese get greedy. US breaks Japanese code. Not satisfied w/ original perimeter. Want base to bomb Hawaii. Destroy US naval fleet. US breaks Japanese code. Jap. complex plan with many targets. Aleutians, Midway, Fleet, etc. First naval battle fought entirely with airplanes.

Midway: The Tide Turns Japanese lose four heavy carriers, all planes, and many of their best pilots US loses A/CC USSYorktown.

Defensive Phase Offensive Phase Tarawa Marianas (Saipan, Tinian, Guam) Iwo Jima Okinawa Firebombing Tokyo Pearl Harbor Wake Is. Kiska/Attu – Aleutians Philippines (Bataan) Guam Hiroshima, Nagasaki “Turning Point”

Offensive Phase “Twin Thrusts” MacArthur from south Purpose Push back and destroy the enemy By-Pass enemy strongholds Regain the Philippines

Offensive in the Southern Pacific MacArthur

Twin Thrusts – Nimitz Nimitz from across the Pacific Purpose Carrier Fleet vulnerable to land air bases Purpose Cut the enemy in two Break enemy will to fight Firebombing Prepare to invade Japan

Offensive in the Central Pacific Nimitz Tarawa

1943 1944 (Mac) March Bismark Sea (Nim) November Tarawa and Makin (Gilberts) 1944 (Nim) February Kwajalein & Eniwetok (Marshalls) (Mac) February-June New Guinea (Nim) June-August Saipan, Tinian, Guam (Marianas) B29s able to bomb Japan (Mac & Nim) October Leyte Gulf Destroyed much of Japanese Navy Largest Naval Battle in History

LVT – Landing Vehicle, Tracked Amphibious Tractor or AmphTrac or Amtrac or “Alligator”

Flame Throwers – Filled with Napalm – Gasoline mixed with naphtha that sticks to flesh and burns extremely hot flames.

Iwo Jima (Nimitz) 9 Feb 1945 Objective: Capture Airfields 1st wave of Marines gets ashore easily but then Japanese attack. 2 days - Southern half of island in US control. Takes 34 more days to secure remainder (8 square miles total).

Iwo Jima 36 days, 26,000 US casualties including 6,800 Killed “Throwing human flesh against reinforced concrete.” 36 days, 26,000 US casualties including 6,800 Killed 27 Medals of Honor awarded. ONLY 1,000 out of 20,000 Japanese survived By the end of the war 2,400 B-29s w/ 27,000 crewmen made unscheduled landings on IWO.

What “trends” can you identify? Using the data below, create a bar graph or line graph showing U.S. casualties in the Pacific theater in WWII. What “trends” can you identify? Make a prediction of the casualties of an invasion of Japan. Battle American Dead American Wounded Tarawa (Gilberts) 1,001 2,300 Guam (Marianas) 3,000 7,000 Saipan (Marianas) 3,426 13,160 Iwo Jima 6,000 17,200 Okinawa 12,500 35,500 Japan ????? ?????

1945 February-March Iwo Jima (Nim.) March Tokyo raids Low level fire-bombing runs. Kills 80,000 Japanese civilians Designed to force surrender but didn’t. April-June Okinawa (Nim.) Japanese home island – very tough resistance August 6th Hiroshima 9th Nagasaki 15th Japan surrenders. September 2 VJ Day

A New Formula for Mass Destruction Japan warned, but refused to surrender. Planners estimate 3-5x as many casualties as at Okinawa. Hiroshima 6 August 1945 60-70k killed or missing Nagasaki 9 August 40k killed Logical outcome of “Total War”?