Rock Cycle

3 Major Rock Groups Igneous – formed by cooling magma and lava Sedimentary – formed from rock fragments Metamorphic – change or alter of rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical fluids

Igneous Forms from magma mixture of molten rock/gas Intrusive – underground → slow cooling, large crystals Extrusive – above ground → fast cooling, small crystals

Igneous 3 types Felsic Mafic Intermediate Thin/quick moving lava Light Thick/slow moving lava Dark Intermediate

Igneous Crystal size Phaneritic - large Grain Aphanitic – fine grain Intrusive Slow cooling Aphanitic – fine grain Extrusive Fast cooling None Extremely fast cooling

Sedimentary Forms over time sediment squeezed and cemented together small, solid pieces of material

Sedimentary 3 types Clastic Chemical Organic Broken fragments of other rock ex. Shale, conglomerate Chemical Minerals precipitate out of solution Ex. Rock salt, limestone Organic Living organisms form rock Ex. Coal

Metamorphic Formed from… Changed by Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Heat Pressure Chemical reaction

Metamorphic 2 types of Metamorphism Regional Local Mountain building movement High Heat and Pressure Local Contact Formed from heat found at hot spots Deformational Fault shifts Low heat/high pressure Ex. San Andres Fault

Classification of Metamorphic Rocks Foliated – layered rocks Slate, Gneiss Non Foliated – not layered Marble

Rock Cycle Process of the Cycle Compaction Weathering Cementation Breakup of rock Erosion Removal/transport of broken down materials Melting Cooling Compaction Cementation Binding fragments together w/minerals Heat Pressure