Review Let’s See What You Know!!!!!

Boundaries, Stresses, and Faults Plate Movement (Arrow) Boundary Stresses/Forces Fault Forms

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FF: Which Seismic wave do not pass through the outer core?

When you find the distance from the epicenter for 3 stations, you can pinpoint the epicenter. You draw a circle from each station with a radius that is the distance to the epicenter for each station. Where the 3 circles intersect is the epicenter.

Triangulation of 3 stations to locate earthquake epicenter

Magnitude

ROCK CYCLE Standard 8.E.5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the processes that alter the structure of Earth and provide resources for life on the planet Performance Indicator
8.E.5A.2 Use the rock cycle model to describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

Rocks Rocks are made up of minerals. Most consist of two or more different minerals. Rocks are classified according to how they were formed.

How do Rocks form? If you squeeze and heat a rock for a few million years, it can turn into a new kind of rock.

3 types of Rocks Types of Rocks There are three large classifications of rocks – BASED ON HOW THEY’RE FORMED Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

The rock cycle is an ongoing process. The sample diagram illustrates the series of natural processes that can change rocks from one kind to another The rock cycle is an example of how Earth recycles itself.

IGNEOUS ROCK

Igneous Rocks (Volcanoes) HOW THEY FORM: COOLING and HARDING of molten rock (lava or magma) Think of candle wax cooling Igneous Rocks forms NEAR OR around VOLCANOES…

2 types of Igneous Rocks When lava is cooled it forms a rock. When magma cools within the Earth, it also forms rocks. What’s the difference between lava and magma?

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK When cooling takes place rapidly, ABOVE Earth’s surface Small or no crystals Examples: Basalt, Obsidian When cooling takes place slowly, BENEATH Earth’s surface Big crystals Example: Granite

WHAT TYPE OF IGNEOUS ROCK FORMS

Review Where do igneous rocks form? The only way igneous rocks can form is from the cooling of what? Can a pre-existing rock ever become an Igneous rock?

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Sedimentary Rocks HOW THEY FORM: compaction (squish) and cementation (stick) of sediments Forms near bodies of water or where bodies of water used to be Sediments: small, solid pieces of rock, mineral grains, shell pieces **Formed through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface. **Sedimentary rocks can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water (DEPOSITION)

Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks usually have fossils within them. Sedimentary rocks are known for having layers as sediments build up on top of each other.

Review Questions Where do sedimentary rocks form? What are the two processes that sedimentary rocks go through? How do sedimentary rocks form? What are sediments? How do sediments form? Can any rocks turn into sediments?

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic Rocks Form underneath the Earth’s surface HOW THEY FORM: Heat and Pressure **Forms when rocks are changed into different kinds of rocks by great heat and/or pressure They are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids or tectonic forces.

****THIS ROCK GOES THROUGH CHEMICAL CHANGES**** When heat and pressure reach the rock’s melting point, it melts into magma.

ANY ROCK CAN BECOME ANY OTHER TYPE OF ROCK IF IT GOES THROUGH THE RIGHT PROCESS

EXTENDED KNOWLEDGE Rocks are used for building and construction based on their properties. The rock cycle is an example of how Earth recycles itself. Heat and pressure results in metamorphic changes in minerals that, in turn, result in a rock being re-classified as a metamorphic rock. As heat and pressure increase, one type of metamorphic rock will transform into another type. When slow cooling magma is ejected before it has completely cools, the resulting igneous rock will have a mixture of macroscopic and microscopic mineral crystals (porphyritic texture: both intrusive and extrusive features)

RC (Types of Rocks Questions) 1. Forms underneath the Earth’s surface 2. Forms around volcanoes 3. Forms near bodies of water or where bodies of water use to be 4. Have fossils within them 5. Goes through the process of cooling, melting, and crystallization 6. Goes through the process of heat and pressure 7. Goes through the process of compaction and cementation 8. Consist of Intrusive and extrusive rocks 9. Can change into other rocks, can be foliated and go through chemical changes 10. Can go through the process weathering and erosion

CLOSURE/ WHAT TYPE OF ROCK? Basalt Gneiss Slate Granite Limestone Scoria Marble