RF Front End Radio Design- Simulations and Specifications 11/13/2018 RF Front End Radio Design- Simulations and Specifications Hemish Parikh Advisor: Prof. William R. Michalson

RF Front End Receiver Design - Outline Overview System parameters Specifications System Analysis System Parameter relations System Simulations in ADS Roadmap Questions 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design - Overview You are Here 11/13/2018

Possible Front End Models RF Front End Receiver Design - Overview Possible Front End Models Model 1: Direct RF Sampling Today’s Focus Model 2: Direct Down Conversion 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – System Parameters 11/13/2018 RF Front End Receiver Design – System Parameters System Parameters System Gain (G) System Noise Figure (NF) Input 3rd Order Intercept Point (IIP3) Receiver Sensitivity (Rx-Sens) Receiver Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Inter Modulation Distortion (IMD) 11/13/2018

Component Identification RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Component Identification RF MICRO DEVICES RF-2361 ANALOG DEVICES AD-8367 COMTELCO PEXW-400 ANALOG DEVICES AD-8343 MURATA 415-465 MHz MURATA 0-50 MHz VECTRON OSC-1B0-10MHz VARI-L VCO190-445T ANALOG DEVICES ADF-4112 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications - LNA RFMD – 2361 Low Noise Figure (NF): 1.9 dB Gain (G): 20 dB Input 3rd order intercept point (IIP3): 6 dBm Max input RF level: +10 dBm 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications - AGC AD 8367: Variable Gain: -2.5 dB to 42.5 dB NF ??? IIP3 ??? 11/13/2018

Specifications – Mixer (1) RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications – Mixer (1) LO-RF LO+RF IM Products RF LO Big role in overall system performance Mixing is just frequency shifting Produces LO+RF and LO-RF Produces Unwanted Inter Modulation Distortion (IMD) IM products: (M*LO + N*RF) and (M*LO - N*RF) Good Mixer or a Bad Mixer !!!!!???? 11/13/2018

Specifications – Mixer (2) RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications – Mixer (2) Good Mixer Low Noise Figure (< 15dB) High IP3 ( > 15dB) Good Port Isolation (~ 50dBm) High Conversion Gain LO drive level (application dependent) 11/13/2018

Specifications – Mixer (3) RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications – Mixer (3) AD 8343: NF: 11 dB Gain: 7.1 dB IIP3: 20 dBm LO drive level: -10 dBm 11/13/2018

Specifications – Mixer (4) RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications – Mixer (4) LO = 400 MHz 11/13/2018

Specifications - TCXO / VCO RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications - TCXO / VCO Vectron TCXO: Frequency: 10 MHz Stability: 2.5 ppm Mechanical Trip: +/- 3 ppm Vari-L VCO: Tuning Range: 400 to 500 MHz Tuning Sensitivity: 15MHz/V 11/13/2018

Specifications – PLL (1) RF Front End Receiver Design - Specifications Specifications – PLL (1) ADF 4113: Programmable counters: P, B, A, R 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis System Gain G1= -2dB G2= 20dB G3= 7.1dB G4= -2dB G(dB) = G1+G2+G3+G4 P_in = G + P_out BPF LNA MIXER LPF P_in (dBm) -40 -42 -22 -14.9 Gain (dB) -2 20 7.1 Cumulative Gain 18 25.1 23.1 P_out (dBm) -12.9 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis System Noise Figure (1) Noise Sources System Noise Thermal Noise Noise Figure quantifies how noisy the system is System noisy due to losses in circuit, solid state devices. Noise Figure is Noise Factor in dB GOAL: Design receiver with lowest NF !!!!!! Reference Max allowed NF: WCDMA: 9 dB Cellular: 10 dB PCS: 6.8 dB 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis System Noise Figure (2) Critical G1= -2dB G2= 20dB G3= 7.1dB G4= -2dB NF1=2dB NF2=1.9dB NF4=11dB NF5= 2dB Noise Figure of Cascaded System BPF LNA MIXER LPF NF (dB) 2 1.9 11 Cumulative NF (dB) 3.9 4.21 4.22 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis System Input IP3 (1) Problem: Relatively large magnitude and difficult to filter Third Order products: 2f1+f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2+f1, 2f2-f1, where f1 and f2 are two inputs. Reference Min allowed IIP3: Cellular: -13 dBm PCS: -11.425 dBm IP3 is a measure of system linearity. Point where the desired signal and the 3rd order distortion have equal magnitudes. 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis System Input IP3 (2) G1= -2dB G2=20dB G3=7.1dB G4= -2dB Critical IIP1= dBm IIP2= 6dBm IIP3=20dBm IIP4= dBm 11/13/2018

Receiver Sensitivity (1) RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis Receiver Sensitivity (1) Rx. Sens quantifies the receivers ability to respond to weak signal. A/D Input SNR_min = 12dB (Assume) BW = 50MHz Rx. Sens = Noise Floor + 10log(BW) + SNR_min + Noise Figure Significantly reduces The Rx. Sens Rx. Sens = -174 + 77 + 12 + 4.22 = -80.78 dBm 11/13/2018

Receiver Sensitivity (2) RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis Receiver Sensitivity (2) As BW increases, sensitivity becomes poor 11/13/2018

Receiver Sensitivity (3) RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis Receiver Sensitivity (3) 11/13/2018

Receiver Spurious Free Dynamic Range RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis Receiver Spurious Free Dynamic Range High DR means Receiver can operate over wide range of input power levels. Receiver’s Output starts to saturate if the Input is above the range Below DR, the noise dominates. SFDR = 0.66 (IIP3 – Rx. Sens) = 0.66 (1.1 + 80.78) = 54.6 dB 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design – Analysis AGC Issues Max AGC Gain: Lowest NF Lowest IIP3 Min AGC Gain: High IIP3 High NF Poor Dynamic Range: 25dB 11/13/2018

System Parameters Relations 11/13/2018 RF Front End Receiver Design – Parameters Relations System Parameters Relations Higher IP3 Maximize DR Maximize Rx. Sens Application Dependent Minimize NF Bandwidth Dependent 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for Gain (1) RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for Gain (1) 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for Gain (2) RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for Gain (2) Swapped 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for NF(1) RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for NF(1) 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for NF(2) RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for NF(2) Swapped 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for IMD (1) RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for IMD (1) 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for IMD (2) 11/13/2018 RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for IMD (2) here we want to do this............... 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for IMD (3) 11/13/2018 RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for IMD (3) here we want to do this............... 11/13/2018

ADS simulations for SFDR RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations ADS simulations for SFDR Rx Signal Level = -25dBm SFDR ~= 50 dB SFDR 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design - Simulations 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design Roadmap ADS with Matlab ADS with Instruments Set-up Evaluation board Migrate to 2.4 GHz 11/13/2018

RF Front End Receiver Design ? 11/13/2018