Human Systems Alicia Cuzner Healy

1. Populating Canada Terms Immigration Emigration Net Migration Census Push Factors Pull Factor Push Factor Census Metropolitan Area

Immigration vs Emigration and Net Migration Immigration: When people arrive (move to) another country Emigration: When people leave (mote away) to another country Net migration: Immigration – Emigration = net migration In Canada, net migration is rising but birth rates are falling What does this mean? TRENDS 1700s  New France Settlers 1800s  British Empire Settlers (Irish Potato Famine 1845-50s) 1900s -1919  Largest immigration wave to Canada 1920-1945  world in turmoil = very low immigration 1945-1960  War brides and gradual increase of immigrants from Asia

Age and Education of Immigrants Young, unmarried, and higher education Immigrants make up 20% of our workforce 2001 census showed that immigrants made up 70% of the total number of new workers in the labour force BUT only got paid an average of 80% of the wages of Canadian born workers

Push and Pull Factors Push Factors: These are the reasons people leave and go to another country Pull Factors: The reasons why people to to a country

Destinations in Canada Census Metropolitan Areas They are large cities plus their surrounding communities

2. People Patterns Terms Population distribution Rural Urban Rural to Urban Migration Suburban Fringe Rural depopulation

Population Distribution Definition: The number of people who live in a place Characteristic: Clustered Sparse Evenly distributed Linear

Rural vs. Urban Rural:

Rural to Urban Migration

Suburban and Fringe

Rural Depopulation An aging population Technology

3. A Nation of Cities Terms: Technological change Central business district Metropolitan areas Urban functions

4. Making Things: Patterns of Industry in Canada Terms: Economic structures Primary Industries Secondary Industries Tertiary Industries Industrial heartland Globalization

5. Harvesting our Natural Resources Terms: Resources Mechanization Agriculture Clear cutting Minerals Resource-based communities Boom-and-bust cycles River diversions

6. Service Industries Terms: Services Quaternary Industries Retail trade sector Infrastructure Telecommute

7. Challenges for Human Systems Terms: Regional disparities Equalization payment Life expectancy

What to know for the Unit Test Populating Canada People Patterns A Nation of Cities Patterns of Industry in Canada Harvesting our Natural Resources Service Industries Challenges for Human Systems Immigration Emigration Net Migration Census Push Factors Pull Factor Push Factor Metropolitan Area Population distribution Rural Urban Rural to Urban Migration Suburban Fringe Rural depopulation Technological change Central business district Metropolitan areas Urban functions Economic structures Primary Industries Secondary Industries Tertiary Industries Industrial heartland Globalization Resources Mechanization Agriculture Clear cutting Minerals Resource-based communities Boom-and-bust cycles River diversions Services Quaternary Industries Retail trade sector Infrastructure Telecommute Regional disparities Equalization payment Life expectancy