Introduction to Land Information System (LIS) Dr. Jing Zeng Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Nov 25, 2014

Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic Models 3. Model test example

1. Introduction – why we need land surface model Land covers 30% of the Earth’s surface Shelter for human beings Storage of freshwater (essential for human life) Greater variability of weather above land than oceans

Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic Models

Data Assimilation Modules About LIS – the physics Inputs Physics Outputs Applications Topography, Soils Land Surface Models Soil Moisture & Temperature Weather/ Climate Water Resources Homeland Security Military Ops Natural Hazards Land Cover, Vegetation Properties Evaporation Sensible Heat Flux Meteorological Forecasts, Analyses, and/or Observations Runoff Data Assimilation Modules Snow Soil Moisture Temperature Snowpack Properties

LIS software architecture Driver layer Abstractions layer Model layer

Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic Models 3. Test Example

Simulation of land surface properties Land surface model: Noah Forcing data: NLDAS (1/8th-degree grid spacing ) Year: 2005~2006

Soil moisture variation at NE

Variation of soil temperature and soil moisture NLDAS Noah Soil Hydraulic Properties Dataset The Noah LSM was configured for NLDAS to have 4 soil moisture layers with thicknesses (from top) of 10cm, 30cm, 60cm, and 100cm - for a total soil column depth of 2 meters. All 4 soil layers use the same soil texture (predominant surface soil classes shown above) and thus use the same soil parameter values for all layers as well. A lookup table and calculations based on soil texture class are used in the Noah code, but maps of the NLDAS Noah LSM soil parameter values are provided below

1m depth soil moisture and temperature variation

Variation of land surface sensible and latent heat flux