Team RS GCSE Revision 2018 Revision Lessons / Cards Summarising The Sheets Further Paper 1: Muslim Beliefs Sunni Muslims follow the Qur’an and Muhammad’s teaching (Sunnah). They elected Abu Bakr as the first Caliph or leader. Caliphs did not make laws. Sunni Muslims believe in what they call 6 beliefs – God, Angels, Qur’an, Muhammad, Day of Judgement and God’s supremacy meaning God knows what will happen. They practice 5 pillars and pray 5 times a day. Shi’a Muslims named Muhammad’s cousin Ali as successor followed by 11 others. True leaders are descendants of Muhammad (pbuh). This is called the Imamate. They interpret laws and guide people. Shi’a Muslims believe in what they call 5 roots – God, Prophets, God’s Justice and Wisdom, Muhammad’s descendants and that they will be resurrected on Judgement Day. They have 10 acts including 5 pillars and pray 5 times a day.

Beliefs in Allah and Qur’an Islam means peace gained through submission to Allah. Muslim=one who has submitted. Muslim are monotheists who believe in one God (Tawhid) . “There is no god but God” (Shahadah). God has no partners/ equals. “No one compares to Allah” (Qur’an 112). No pictures in Mosques. No idols. “God is the greatest.” God is good or benficent. God is omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, compassionate, merciful, just (adalat). 99 names for God in the Qur’an. “No vision can take God in. God is all subtle and all aware.” (Qur’an 6). “Most excellent” (Qur’an 7). Nothing without God permission. Supreme. Unique. God is transcendent (beyond the universe) and immanent (in universe through nature, prophets and Qur’an). “God is with you wherever you are.” (Qur’an 57). Muslims often say “God willing” after a sentence to show God in charge. Muslims say God is merciful before prayer (Bismillah). Some say God knows the future (Predestination). Tends to be Sunni view. Others particularly Shi’a say this would compromise Free Will. One compromise is God knows the choices that we will make. Either way people still responsible. God communicates (revelation) through The Qur’an which means to recite. The original Qur’an is in Heaven. Qur’an in Word of God dictated over 22 years to illiterate Muhammad (a miracle). Infallible 9without error). Other holy books revealed to other prophets but lost or corrupted by people. 114 Surahs in Qur’an. Some Muslims memorise Qur’an. After Muhammad’s death, Uthman completed the final version in 650. Muslims wash before reading The Qur’an, keep it in the highest place in the room and bury if old.

Beliefs in Prophets (Risalah) and Muhammad (pbuh) Prophets provide method of communication with God. God choses prophets to reveal God’s will. 124,000. 25 in Qur’an. Most important ones called apostles. Role models. Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, Muhammad. Moses received Torah, David the Psalms, Jesus the Gospel. These revelations lost / corrupted. ADAM: The father of all humans. Created from dust / clay. Given knowledge. Taught names of things. Built Ka’aba. ABRAHAM: Obeyed God when he was willing to sacrifice his son. Faithful. Refused to worship idols. God saved his life when he was burnt as a punishment. Re-built the Ka’aba. Festival of ul- Adha remembers Abraham for 4 days. MUHAMMAD: Received Qur’an. Seal of the prophets. Born 570. Father died before born, mother aged 6. Trustworthy reputation when brought up by uncle (a merchant). Married Khadijah. Prayed on Mount Hira. Unhappy at Makkah immortality (exploiting poor, worshipping many gods). 610: Night of Power when receives Qur’an from Angel Jibril. Commanded to read 3 times. Night Journey: Vision where he sees Jerusalem, the prophets and is taken too Heaven. Stood up against Makkah. Threats on life. 622: He and 100 followers move to Madinah (Hijrah) where set up first Muslim community (ummah) with 5 Pillars. Defends himself against attacks from Makkah at 3 battles. 632: Returns to Makkah. Destroys 350 idols. Dies. Sunni Muslims elect Aby Bakr as Caliph. Shi’a Muslims elect Ali (Mouhammad’s cousin).

Life after death (Akhirah) and angels Humans are responsible and accountable. At death, people enter the barrier (barzakh) where they await Day of Judgement. 2 Angels question about holy book, god, prophet, religion. Some believe we see future punishments. Some think punishments immediate. On Day of Judgement, Angel Israfil blows a trumpet. Present world destroyed / transformed. Second trumpet sounds and dead raised (resurrection) , given new bodies and book of life read out. If in right hand = Heaven. If in left hand=Hell. Souls cross narrow Sirat Bridge through Hell. Angel of death takes souls to God. Hell: Absence of God. Place of scorching wind and scalding water (Qur’an 56). Wear garments of fire (Qur’an 22). Heaven: Garden of eternal happiness with God (Qur’an 22). Everlasting youth, food and drink (Qur’an 56). “An enemy of angels is an enemy of God” (Qur’an 2). They bring the word of God to prophets and are part of unseen world. Pure. Sinlees. Created from light. Can take human form. Guardian angels watch over us (Qur’an 13) and record good / bad deeds in books (Qur’an 18). Muslims look at angels when praying. Special angels are archangels. Archangel Jibril / Gabriel: Appears to Muhammad with Qur’an. Spiritually nourishes. Archangel Michael: Angel of mercy. Rewards righteous. Nourishes earth through rain.

Which ONE of the following best describes the meaning of Risalah Which ONE of the following best describes the meaning of Risalah? Tawhid/Justice/Prophethood/Predestination (1). Which ONE of the following is the meaning of Adalat? Judgement/Justice/Omnipotence/Predestination. (1) Which ONE of the following best describes the meaning of Tawhid? Prophethood/Justice/Life after death/ oneness of God. (1) Name TWO Holy books other than the Qur’an (2) Give TWO angels that are mentioned in the Qur’an (2) Name TWO Muslim holy books. (2) Explain TWO ways in which the belief about heaven and hell influence Muslim today (4). Explain TWO ways in which belief in life after death influences Muslims today. (4) Explain TWO ways in which prophethood influences Muslims today (4) Explain TWO ways in which the supremacy of God’s influences Muslims today (4) Explain TWO Muslim teachings about the oneness of God (Tawhid) (5) Explain TWO Muslim teachings about angels (5) Explain TWO Muslim teachings about life after death. (5) Explain TWO Muslim teachings about Predestination. (5) For Muslims following the example of Muhammad is more important than following the Qur’an. Evaluate this statement. (12) To describe God as omnipotent is the best way to understand God. Evaluate this statement. (12) The best way of understanding God is to describe God as transcendent. Evaluate this statement. (12) For Muslims, Adam is more important than Abraham (Ibrahim). Evaluate this statement. (12)