Revolutions Bellwork What group made up the revolutionaries at the start of the Mexican Revolution? Peasants, non-elites Fighting and invasions in Europe lead by _______________ impacted all Latin American Revolutions. Napoleon

Objective WWBAT: Discuss the effects independence in the Americas and the abolition of slavery

Interactive Notebook Setup 4/4/2016 Effects of Independence in the Americas This will be one page

Problems After Independence Post-Independence Mexico Abolition of Slavery Problems After Independence Post-Independence Mexico

Problems After Independence Latin America had little experience with self-government prior to independence Creoles dominate politics Only 5% of male population participated in politics Catholic Church remains strong Poor treatment of natives continues

Problems After Independence Few changes for women in Latin America Remained under the control of their fathers and husbands Lower class had more economic freedoms Gained more access to education Racial castes were formally abolished, but tensions still very much remained Caudillos, or military leaders take over in many places Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina) “Machiavelli of the pampas” Kills over 22,000 people

Post-Indepence Mexico 1821-1850’s marked by political instability Went from monarchy to republic to caudillo rule Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (left) dominates politics prior to 1850 Church remains influential Owns almost 50% of all productive land in Mexico Nationalism grows after Mexican-American War

Post-Independence Mexico Liberal mestizo named Benito Juarez lead from 1861-1872 First Mexican ruler without a military background Institutes La Reforma Focus on land redistribution to improve the condition of natives Confiscates church lands Speculators and large landowners buy land instead of natives Most of Mexico’s peasants were landless by 1900 Creates a backlash from Mexican conservatives

Post-Independence Mexico Porfirio Diaz was a conservative leader that Industrialized Mexico from 1876-1910 Built railroads Improved banking system Focused on oil & mining Economic growth primary benefited foreign investors and small number of wealthy elites Oppressed political opposition

Abolition of Slavery 1780 – 1890 slavery lost its legitimacy and was largely ended Multiple strands of anti-slavery thinking: Secular = slavery is a violation of natural rights and Enlightenment values Religious = slavery is amoral; a “crime in the sight of God” Economic = slavery is not necessary for economic progress; countries can be successful with paid labor Political = slavery is unwise because obviously slaves aren’t content and could rise up and revolt

Public Meeting Featuring an Abolitionist Speaker Abolition of Slavery Most powerful abolitionist movements in Britain Growing pressure on governments leads to action Techniques included: Pamphlets  featuring descriptions of slavery Petitions to Parliament Lawsuits Boycotts of slave-produced sugar Public meetings  most of which featured testimony of former slaves Public Meeting Featuring an Abolitionist Speaker

Abolition of Slavery 1807 = Britain ended the sale of slaves within its empire 1834 Britain freed all remaining slaves British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic, intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed the people on board Other countries followed suit over the next half century

Abolition of Slavery Abolition was not easy Plantation owners fiercely resisted the efforts of abolitionists Both European and African slave traders resisted abolitionist Most intense resistance to abolition and persistence of slavery in the southern United States Took a WAR to end slavery!

Abolition of Slavery Economic and political lives of former slaves did not improve dramatically at all Often could not find work or found work, but were paid VERY little No political equality  in many places, former slaves couldn’t vote and had to live with harsh segregation laws Former slaves had to deal with persistent racism, discrimination, and violence

Louisiana Black Codes No public meetings or congregations of negroes shall be allowed within said parish after sunset; but such public meetings and congregations may be held between the hours of sunrise and sunset, by the special permission in writing of the captain of patrol

Louisiana Black Codes Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro No negro who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry fire-arms, or any kind of weapons, within the parish, without the special written permission of his employers, approved and indorsed by the nearest and most convenient chief of patrol