#5 Modern China What is THE Great Leap Forward? 33.2 VICTORIOUS! #5 Modern China What is THE Great Leap Forward? 33.2

Chinese Civil War How did WWII affect the Chinese Civil War? Communist Party Grows Chiang Kai-Shek weakened Mao and Chiang Kia-Shek combine forces to fight Japanese Domino Theory

Chiang Kai-shek: “The Japanese are a disease of the Skin but the Communists are a disease of the blood” Communists-Red Nationalists-White

After WWII – Civil War Resumed Foreign Support. U.S.A. supports Nationalists (corrupt).$1.5 billion USSR supports Communists. Communists won overwhelming support of peasants.

Conclusion of the Chinese Civil War Nationalist Party Corruption Economic Turmoil Chiang Kai-shek Steps down In exile in Taiwan Oct. 1949 Mao Tse-tung Declares People’s Republic of China

Mao’s China: 1949-1976

Mao - Communism Mao takes over: Government Owned/Planned: Economy Agriculture and Industry Education Life in general Government Owned/Planned: Farms Factories Housing

Totalitarian State Establishes Totalitarian State: Every aspect of life controlled through single party dictatorship. Propaganda an important part of a totalitarian state:

Totalitarian State… Propaganda is HUGE!: spread ideas - promote cause or damage opposing cause. Propaganda is peppered with lies or half-truths Chinese propaganda poster showing members of China’s various ethnic groups praising Mao Zedong.

Propaganda! Used in speeches and posters Reason the control of free speech is so important. Mao’s Proclamation of Steel

The Great Leap Forward 1858-63 Unit 1: Mao’s China

Five Year Plans 1953: First Five year Plan Rapid Industrialization through central planning 1958-1963 (Great Leap Forward) This was Mao’s Second 5-Year Plan In 15 years- Surpass the West

Great Leap Forward Mao’s Goal - Wants to Surpass West If all is successful – military will gain from successes Mao’s Goal - Wants to Surpass West Increase Agriculture production Increase & modernize Industry Improve Infrastructure (Roads, bridges, communication)

How to affect Agriculture? Collectivization Consolidated farm into Communes 30-40 families Set quotas Cadres (Boss) My crop is better than your crop! 70 tons of rice from 1/5 an acre.

Collective Farming

Where is the surplus? Declared war on “Four Pests” including rats, mosquitoes, flies and sparrows. Killing of sparrows led to an explosion of the insect population and greater crop losses. Result: Massive Famine

Massive Famine

Farm Labor

What is the affect on Industrialization What makes an industrial country powerful? Steel Double Production. 5.310.6 million tons Bring your work home! 90 million backyard furnaces Results Poorly-made steel

Infrastructure! Infrastructure needs improvement! How do you raise output without raising cost. Forced labor Cut Safety Measures Cut medical care High worker injury Result: Poorly built Disaster! Bengiao Dam – Disaster 171,000 killed after collapse

Results - Huge Disaster! Agricultural changes, communes, war on insects creates – Massive Famine Short cuts in manufacturing creates a Poor Infrastructure 40 million people died! Ended in 1961 It only started in 1957!

During the Great Leap Korean War - 1950-53 NK 38th Parallel Pusan Perimeter UN Response Douglas Macarthur Yalu River Mao Tse-Tung Results North Korea Communist South Korea Democratic

Great Leap A Huge Failure Negative Affect on Agriculture – Famine Negative affect on Industry Poorly made materials Negative affect on Infrastructure The years of the Great Leap Forward in fact saw economic regression, with 1958 through 1962 being the only period between 1953 and 1985 in which China's economy shrank. 

#5b Cultural Revolution Unit 2: Modern China

Failure of the Great Leap Mao Tse-tung Reduces Role Moderates Liu Shaqoi (Vice-Charimen) Zhou Enlai (Premier) Den Xiaoping (Deputy Premier) Introduce Reforms Allow farmers to own plots of land. Chinese Economy grows from ‘62- ’65 Mao fears loses of influence

Mao’s Cultural Revolution: 1966-1976 Mao Tse-Tung I’m Back! Feared CCP lost touch Born Again Communism Cultural Revolution Mao purged key figures Began criticizing party members. Red Guard forms Attacked anyone who lacked revolutionary credentials

Youth is the Hope of Tomorrow

Rise of The Red guard

THE RED GUARD

Victims of the Red Guard

Mao Uses Propaganda Propaganda is a tool used in Totalitarian States: Must control how people think and perceive the leadership

Role of Propaganda What do propaganda posters reveal about Chinese society during the Cultural Revolution? How are people dressed? What kinds of facial expressions do they have? (determined, happy, enthusiastic) What messaged do you think these posters are meant to send? What purpose do you think propaganda posters served during the Cultural revolution? Why do you think propaganda posters were an effective tool in China during the Cultural Revolution?

The Role of Propaganda Mao’s Proclamation of Steel

Cultural Revolution:1966-1976 Descent into Chaos Red Guard harassed millions Education system in disarray Mao recognizes danger Lin Bao made a scapegoat Doubt begins to from End of Revolution Mao dies in 1976 Gang of Four Arrested Scapegoated to preserve Mao’s Legacy

The Times They are-a-Changin’ Unit 2: Modern China

China and the super powers Sino-Soviet relations deteriorate in 1960s. Relations with the US since 1949 Secret talks begin 1971 Nixon visits 1972 United against USSR Normal relations by 1976

Pragmatists in power Deng Xiaoping new premier CCP Four modernizations “Black cat, white cat, who cares…” Four modernizations Agriculture Industry Science and tech Defense Build relations with West Make consumer goods, not just heavy industry

Tiananmen Square protests Economic freedom grows. People want political freedom too. Cronyism and corruption in government Tiananmen Square protests begin April 1989 More civil liberties Working conditions career opportunities

Free markets, not free people Protests crushed June 1989 Hundreds killed. Thousands wounded Gov. hunts down leaders West condemned crackdown Banned arm sales to China But other sanctions were weak

A closer look A Question of Agricultural Cooperation: People’s Daily: What was Mao’s answer to the issues with the Chinese Agricultural industry?? What is co-operativization? In Mao’s opinion, what is driving the move toward cooperativization? People’s Daily: What did Stalin say about industry in China? The author suggest that only by industrializing can china avoid becoming dependent on “imperialism” does this argument make sense?