WORLD WAR I The War to end all wars

Declarations of War 1914 July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 31 Russia announces full mobilization. August 1Germany declares war on Russia. August 3 Germany declares war on France. August 4 Germany invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany August 5 Montenegro on Austria Hungary August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia Serbia declares war on Germany. August 9 Montenegro declares war on Germany. August 11 France declares war on Austria- Hungary. August 12 The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary. August 22 Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium. August 23 Japan declares war on Germany. August 25 Japan declares war on Austria- Hungary. November 1 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire. November 3 Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire. 1915 May 23 Italy declares war on Austria- Hungary. October 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia October 15 The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria. October 16 France declares war on Bulgaria. 1916 August 27 Italy declares war on Germany; Romania enters on the Allied side 1917 April 6 The United States declares war on Germany. December 7 The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.

Trench Warfare Miles of trenches lined the battle fields Zigzag patterns Protect from enemy No Man’s Land “Over the top” Trenches were dirty, wet and cold Rats and insects Trench foot Diseases

Western Front Name given to the battle lines Stalemate Belgium, France & Germany Stalemate Deadlock Neither side advances or defeats the other

The Schlieffen Plan Called for Germany to quickly crush France before Russia was fully ready Belgium N. France Plan had many faults: more resistance in Belgium; German advances delayed Russia mobilized faster Britain met German forces in northern France

Major Battles

At your table groups… You will be assigned a specific battle from WWI As a group, you will create a poster with the following information and will be shared with the class: Dates Location City? Country? Region? Also, place on your WWI map Summary (countries involved, who won, casualties) Primary Source quote Historical Impact/Significance Thesis statement should answer the following question: Why was this battle historically significant to the first World War? Two visuals *Fun Facts

First Marne

First Ypres

Verdun

Somme

Tannenberg

Gallipoli

Meuse-Argonne

Weapons & Technologies

Total War By 1917, Europe had lost more men in battle than in the previous 300 years combined Governments in Europe devote everything to war effort Positive no unemployment women in the workforce

War of Attrition Military strategy, each side attempts to wear down the enemy through continuous losses in personnel and materials—hopefully to the point of collapse.

New Technology New tools of warfare did not deliver the expected fast-moving war All the new technology did was kill greater numbers of people more effectively

Poison Gas Introduced by the Germans but used by both sides Caused Blindness severe blisters death by choking

Machine Gun Fires ammunition automatically-had been much improved by WWI By wiping out waves of attackers the machine gun made it hard for forces to advance.

Airplanes Appeared for the first time in battle by the end of 1915 First used to spot enemy’s position Attacked ground targets (communication centers) Zeppelins used to bomb England Caused little damage Initially pilots shot at each other with pistols before machine guns were mounted.

Tank Armored combat vehicle that moved on chain tracks Could cross many types of terrain Different models introduced throughout the war Labeled as a water tank in transport to keep the new machine a secret—hence the name Tank

Submarine Introduced by the Germans in 1914 Effective warship — primary weapon against ships was the torpedo, an underwater missile