Protein Synthesis Review Answers

DNA Replication 1. Enzyme separates the two strands Central Dogma DNA → DNA Which Organelle? Nucleus; Cell Cycle- Interphase What is produced? 2 DNA Molecules Briefly describe the steps 1. Enzyme separates the two strands 2. Complimentary Bases match 3. Enzyme adds to bases each DNA strand 4. Two identical strands created What is needed for the process? Enzymes, DNA Why do cells undergo process? Create DNA for new cells being created Practice ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC TAG GAT CCT GCA TTA GGT CTA AAG

Transcription 1. Enzyme separates the two DNA strands Central Dogma DNA → RNA Which Organelle? Nucleus What is produced? mRNA Strand for ONE GENE (segment of DNA) Briefly describe the steps 1. Enzyme separates the two DNA strands 2. Complimentary RNA bases match 3. mRNA molecule is created and peels away 4. DNA strands reconnect What is needed for the process? Enzymes, DNA, mRNA Why do cells undergo process? Create mRNA that has the code for a protein needed by the cell. Practice ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC UAG GAU CCU GCA UUA GGU CUA AAG

Briefly describe the steps Translation Central Dogma RNA → Protein Which Organelle? Ribosome What is produced? Protein Briefly describe the steps 1. tRNA anticodon links to mRNA codon in ribosome 2. The tRNA’s amino acids link together 3. Amino acids continue to link together until reaching a stop codon (end of gene/protein sequence) What is needed for the process? mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids Why do cells undergo process? Create protein needed by the cell. Practice ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC UAG GAU CCU GCA UUA GGU CUA AAG Stop ASP PRO ALA LEU GLY LEU LYS

(Deoxyribonucleic acid) Full Name DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (Ribonucleic acid) mRNA- carries DNA message to cytoplasm tRNA-carries amino acid to ribosome rRNA- assembles proteins Type of Organic Compound Nucleic Acid Where found Nucleus Nucleus and Cytoplasm Subunit and Labelling. Phosphate Deoxyribose Sugar Nitrogenous Base Ribose Sugar

DNA RNA Deoxyribose Ribose A, T, C, G A, U, C, G A-T T-A C-G G-C A-U Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose 4 Bases A, T, C, G A, U, C, G Complementary Bases A-T T-A C-G G-C A-U U-A Complementary Strand to… AGG CTA CTT ACG GCC DNA TCC GAT GAA TGC CGG RNA UCC GAU GAA UGC CGG  

Used in protein synthesis with amino acid sequence DNA RNA Structure Double Helix Single Helix Backbone components Sugar and Phosphate Center or Middle Nitrogenous Bases What does it code for Specific protein Used in protein synthesis with amino acid sequence