Protein Synthesis Genetics.

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis Genetics

Protein Synthesis First step is transcription The gene’s DNA sequence is copied into a sequence of mRNA. This creates mRNA mRNA can leave the nucleus and travel to the site of protein synthesis; DNA cannot mRNA carries the DNA code to the ribosome

Protein Synthesis

What is RNA? Another nucleic acid Made of nucleotides The sugar is ribose; the phosphate is the same; 3 of the 4 bases are the same Uracil replaces thymine It is single stranded

What is RNA?

Transcription A single strand of RNA is made from one strand of the DNA The DNA strand being transcribed is called the coding or template strand; the other side is the non-coding or anti-sense strand

Transcription Transcriptions starts at a promoter. This is the base sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene RNA polymerase begins transcription at the promoter region Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination

Transcription

Transcription

Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries DNA code for making a protein Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is part of the ribosome structure Transfer RNA (tRNA) bind to the mRNA and to amino acids

Protein Synthesis After mRNA is formed, it is processed, spliced, and edited Segments made from introns are cut out; segments made from exons are left in Introns are intervening sections of DNA that do not code for anything; Exons are expressed sequences

Protein Synthesis Three DNA bases specify one amino acid Three RNA bases specify one amino acid A chain of amino acids is a protein

Protein Synthesis Once the mRNA carries the code to the ribosome, the protein can be assembled. The assembly step is called translation This involves tRNA

Protein Synthesis Each tRNA has three anticodons (bases) attached to one end. These bases match up with bases on the mRNA If they fit, that amino acid is added to the chain

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation Also has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. In translation, these stages refer to the assembling and lengthening of the protein chain; In transcription, these stages refer to the making and lengthening of the mRNA strand

Translation

Proteins

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