Protein Synthesis – The Key Steps

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Protein Synthesis – The Key Steps **SEE TEXT PAGE 197-199 for more diagrams!

Transcription Within the nucleus, the DNA of a particular gene unwinds and separates. One strand of the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process called transcription.

Transcription – Making mRNA

Protein Synthesis – The Key Steps The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus and binds with ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The mRNA consists of nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid. The code is in triplet called a CODON (3 nucleotides = 1 amino acid). Amino acids are brought into place by a molecule known as transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is known as translation. Peptide bonds occur b/w amino acids.

Translation

Translation

Protein Synthesis – The Key Steps Once all the triplet codes (Codons) are read and the amino acids are brought into place, the completed protein travels through the ER to the Golgi. The Golgi modifies the structure and packages it into a vesicle. Vesicle moves to the membrane and is released by exocytosis.