Protein Synthesis

DNA: Captain of the Cell DNA controls the cell by making the proteins the cell needs to do its job DNA’s information is stored in sections called genes Genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins DNA is used to make proteins in 2 steps: Transcription and Translation The Central Dogma: how information in DNA moves from being stored to being used

The Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation

DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA Cytoplasm Nucleus Double Stranded Ribose Deoxyribose Adenine Guanine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Uracil Thymine Adenine

Transcription Transcription turns DNA into RNA Uses messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry DNA’s message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm mRNA copies DNA’s instructions and carries the blueprint to ribosomes Happens in the nucleus

Transcription Happens in 3 Steps DNA unzips in the area of 1 gene One of the unzipped strands of DNA is used as a template to make mRNA Cytosine—Guanine; Adenine—Uracil Genetic code is written in groups of bases called codons A codon codes for one amino acid mRNA carries the new gene blueprint from the nucleus to a ribosome

Transcription 

Translation Translation turns RNA into a protein mRNA lines up the first 2 codons with a ribosome A specific tRNA molecule with 3 bases complementary to the mRNA bases and an amino acid floats in The 3 complementary bases are called anticodons While the first tRNA sits in the ribosome, another tRNA molecule bonds its amino acid to the first with a peptide bond

Translation Process repeats until the whole mRNA has been translated into amino acids Finished amino acid chain is a protein

The Central Dogma DNA Protein Transcription Translation RNA

Protein Synthesis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mJbP23Buo