Characteristics of Living Things

What is Life Science? scientific study of living things anatomy - study of the parts of the body physiology - study of how the whole body functions botany - study of plants zoology - study of animals ecology - study of the way living things interact with their environment

Importance of Life Sciences Medicine Diseases & Prevention Surgery Food

Organisms Living Things!!!!!

6 Characteristics of Life All organisms are made up of one or more cells cell - basic unit of structure and function in living things “building blocks of life”

6 Characteristics of Life Organisms use energy! Ability to do work or cause change Sunlight is the source of energy for most organisms photosynthesis

6 Characteristics of Life All organisms have features that help them adapt to their surroundings camouflage hair

6 Characteristics of Life Organisms react to changes in their surroundings response - reaction to a change exp. eyes adjusting to the dark exp. shivering when the body is cold

6 Characteristics of Life Organisms change, or develop, during their lifetimes growing or change appearance

6 Characteristics of Life Organisms can produce more organisms of their own kind

All living things are made of…. Matter! Matter - any substance that has mass and takes up space Atom - smallest part of an element Most living things are made of: Carbon - 18% Hydrogen - 10% Oxygen - 64.5% Nitrogen - 3%

Compounds When two or more atoms from different elements join → compound! Organic compounds - contain carbon Carbohydrates - sugars & starches Lipids - fats Proteins - help in repair Nucleic Acids - DNA

What are the needs of organisms? Water Energy Autotroph - make their own food Heterotroph - cannot make their own food Temperature Homeostasis - internal balance Air Living Space

How do Organisms use energy? Life Processes - things an organism must do to stay alive Ingestion & Digestion nutrients - chemical substances that are needed for growth and energy Cellular Respiration - getting energy from food sugar molecules are broken down to release energy

How do organisms respond to change? Stimulus - a change that causes a response exp. Plants grow towards light

Behavior the way an organism responds to a stimulus exp. screaming when your sibling punches you Some are instincts and some are learned Learned behavior - tying your shoe Instinct - nest building in some plants

Where do Organisms come from? Spontaneous Generation - the idea that living things come from nonliving things People used to believe: maggots and flies grew from rotting meat mice came from straw

Pasteur’s experiment to disprove Spontaneous Generation

How do Organisms reproduce?