What to do: Get the paper from the front of the room Complete the fill in the blank warm-up at the top of the paper. The terms to use are on the paper

Warm-Up: Fill In the Blank If two different species have similar DNA, they probably __________________ a common ancestor. _________ are a source of genetic variation. Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the process of ____________ ____________. The _______ individuals can survive and _________. Organisms with homologous structures (human arm and whale fin bones for example) probably share a __________ ___________________. Organisms that survive can pass their ___________ to their offspring to help them survive.

Warm-Up: Check your answers If two different species have similar DNA, they probably share a common ancestor. Mutations are a source of genetic variation. Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the process of Natural Selection. The fittest individuals can survive and reproduce. Organisms with homologous structures (human arm and whale fin bones for example) probably share a common ancestor. Organisms that survive can pass their adaptations to their offspring to help them survive.

Is it evolution? Which person is correct? Martin: Natural selection means that organisms can try to adapt to their environments in order to survive. If successful, they will pass on their genes to their offspring and their traits will remain in the population. Tatum: The environment decides which traits make organisms fit for their environment. The fittest organisms will survive and reproduce, while the less fit will die off. Over time, the favorable adaptations will be more common in a population.

Is it evolution? Tatum is correct Tatum: The environment decides which traits make organisms fit for their environment. The fittest organisms will survive and reproduce, while the less fit will die off. Over time, the favorable adaptations will be more common in a population.

Reminder: Our last test (other than the final exam) is this Thursday! It covers 4 topics: How natural selection causes changes in species Evidence for evolution Classification and Dichotomous keys- how do we classify and differentiate different kinds of organisms Phylogenetic trees-diagrams to show relationships between organisms These 4 test grades can make or break your semester grade, so make sure you work hard this week.

Reward for good test grades: The test is 41 questions, for each test (remember there are 4) you score at least an 80% on, you don’t have to work on that remediation paper!

Classification and Taxonomy Notes

Classification- The grouping of different types of organisms by their shared characteristics. Taxonomy- The science of classifying and naming organisms.

Aristotle Gets credit for the first true classification system Divided living things into 2 groups, either plants or animals His system didn’t use evolutionary relationships because he had no idea about evolution.

Linnaeus Simplified taxonomy with a naming system called Binomial Nomenclature His system uses about 5 groups (called kingdoms now) instead of 2. Also organizes groups inside of kingdoms. Organization is based on evolutionary relationships, this is the system we use today

Binomial nomenclature – 2 part naming system. “Genus & species” First word capitalized, second word is not. Always italicized or underlined. Always in Latin because… Dead language… It is universal Example: Homo sapien or Homo sapien

Genus: The first part of a binomial name that groups together closely related species. The genus Felis includes all species of small cats.

Species: Group of closely related organisms that are similar to each other and can successfully reproduce Dogs are all one species because they can make puppies, even if they don’t look alike. These butterflies are all different species, they can’t make babies together.

Canis familiaris (dogs) and Canis lupus (wolfs) Same genus, different species. P.S. The one on the left is really friendly.

Classification 1. Kingdom (largest category, organisms are least similar) 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus (smallest category, organisms most similar) 7. Species (down to a single organism!)

Taxonomy Levels

Human Classification: Binomial: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

Step 1: Binomial Nomenclature Practice Biologists use binomial nomenclature to assign a two-part Latin name to each species of living thing. The genus name and the species name often describe something about the organism. The list below shows the meanings of several Latin prefixes, suffixes, or words that are frequently used in species names.

Using the information about Latin word parts, match the scientific name on the left with the correct common name on the right. Draw lines to match them. 1. Betula borealis a. Big leaf magnolia 2. Quercus alba b. Red oak 3. Quercus rubrum c. White oak 4. Magnolia macroophylla d. Northern birch alba, white phylla, leaf borealis, northern macro,-, large rubra, red -

Check your answers: Step 1 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A

Step 2: True or False (you can write T or F on the line) _____ 1 Step 2: True or False (you can write T or F on the line) _____ 1. Organisms that appear very similar may not share a recent common ancestor. _____ 2. Organisms in the same genus are very similar to each other. _____ 3. Two organisms in the same class are more similar than two organisms in different kingdoms. _____ 4. Members of the same species can be found in different orders. _____ 5. Modern taxonomy is based on the system developed by Aristotle and Linnaeus. _____ 6. Organisms with the same family but a different genus are somewhat similar. _____ 7. Organisms in different kingdoms can have the same phylum and same class.

Check your answers: Step 2 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F

Please flip your paper over and go get your Chromebook. Step 3: Pick 3 organisms and fill out the chart for each, Wikipedia usually has this information. Your organisms could be chimpanzees, blue whales, white oaks, red oaks, etc. Use a Chromebook for this Step 4: Find one other organism that humans share that taxonomic level with. Use a Chromebook for this

Please flip your paper over and go get your Chromebook. Step 3: Pick 3 organisms and fill out the chart for each, Wikipedia usually has this information. Your organisms could be chimpanzees, blue whales, white oaks, red oaks, etc. Use a Chromebook for this Step 4: Find one other organism that humans share that taxonomic level with. Use a Chromebook for this Step 5 is a bonus if you have time before the quiz

Socrative Quiz Room number is 336487 Use your notes! Materials from the last three class periods will be helpful (Origin of Life, Natural Selection, Evolution) You can take the quiz twice (2 times) so read carefully and try your best! When you finish, turn today’s work in. Make sure your name is on your paper. Natural Selection and Evolution Quiz

Is it evolution? Which person is correct Martin: Natural selection means that organisms can try to adapt to their environments in order to survive. If successful, they will pass on their genes to their offspring and their traits will remain in the population. Sidney: Organisms acquire traits over their lifetimes, which they can pass on to their offspring. That way, organisms will change over time because they get different traits each generation. Tatum: The environment decides which traits make organisms fit for their environment. The fittest organisms will survive and reproduce, while the less fit will die off. Over time, the favorable adaptations will be more common in a population.

Why not use common names? Misleading starfish dragonfly Confusing blue jay, blue coat, corn thief dog, perro, chien I swim, but I’m still a bird!

Please flip your paper over and go get your Chromebook Please flip your paper over and go get your Chromebook. Answer the questions on the back of your paper. We’re taking a Socrative quiz in the last part of class

Originally there were 2 kingdoms (plants and animals) Originally there were 2 kingdoms (plants and animals). Now Americans use 6 kingdoms, other biologists use 5 kingdoms. The extra kingdoms are for the microorganisms. Fun Fact: There are at least 80 Phyla across the Kingdoms, and more Classes than students at this school