Fifth Grade Benchmark Review Science Fifth Grade Benchmark Review

5.1A—Lab Safety Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations. Always follow the teacher’s directions and only do lab work when a teacher is present. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times. No Horseplay! Do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials until told to do so. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the lab. Do not use lab glassware as food or beverage containers

5.1A—Lab Safety, continued Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations. Report ALL accidents to your teacher immediately, even if you think it is minor. Notify your teacher if any spills or accidents occur. After handling chemicals, always wash your hands with soap and water. Tie back long hair and roll up long sleeves.

5.4B—Safety Equipment Use safety equipment, including safety goggles and gloves. Wear protective safety goggles whenever working with chemicals or soil. Wear gloves when working with chemicals. No open-toed shoes—wear correct footwear to protect your feet!! Know where the fire extinguisher is in the lab and know how to use it.

Answer questions 1-2 on your review sheet! 5.1A Safety 5.4B—Safety Equipment Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations. Answer questions 1-2 on your review sheet!

5.2A Experimental Investigations Describe, plan, and implement simple experimental investigations testing one variable. Ask a question or identify a problem. State a hypothesis. List the procedures to follow. Carry out the procedures. Organize data. Draw conclusions. Share the results. Ask new questions.

5.2A Experimental Investigations Types of variables Can you remember what is meant by… …an independent variable? …a dependent variable? …a controlled variable?

5.2A Experimental Investigations Types of Variables Summary: The independent variable is the one that you change or select. The dependent variable is the one that changes as a result, and the one that you measure or observe. The controlled variables must not change, so that it is a fair test.

5.2B Experimental Investigations Ask well-defined questions, formulate hypotheses, and select and use appropriate equipment and technology. Scientific questions CANNOT be answered with a “yes” or a “no”. They must ask How, What, Why, etc. Your hypothesis is based what you already know about science and the world. Make sure you know what tools and equipment to use during an investigation.

5.2C Observe and Measure Collect information by detailed observations and accurate measuring. Collecting information is a key part of doing an investigation. You can collect information by observing how things look, feel, smell, or sound. But, NEVER taste anything in a lab unless your teacher tells you it’s okay. You might use tools like microscopes and hand lenses to make better observations. You can collect information by measuring accurately. Tools like ruler, balances, thermometers, graduated cylinders, beakers, and stopwatches help you collect accurate measurement data.

5.2D Analyze and Interpret Analyze and interpret information to construct reasonable explanations from direct (observable) and indirect (inferred) evidence. Data is information collected during an investigation. Most data is in the form of observations and measurements. Analyze means to look at and carefully study the data you collect. To interpret means to look at it carefully and find the meaning or significance of the data.

5.2E Reliability of Results Demonstrate that repeated investigations may increase the reliability of results. Each completed investigation is called a trial. Repeated trials help make sure your data are reliable. A measurement or an observation that is very different from the others could be the result of a mistake. Repeat every trial at least 3 times, then find the average.

5.2F Valid Conclusions Communicate valid conclusions in both written and verbal form. At the end of an investigation, a conclusion is made. This conclusion explains the meaning of the data. A conclusion must be supported by the data collected.

5.2G Graphs, Tables, Maps, and Charts Construct appropriate simple graphs, tables, maps, and charts using technology, including computers, to organize, examine, and evaluate information. A bar graph uses bars to represent data. A line graph uses a line to show change over time. A circle, or pie, graph is used to show the relationship between parts of the data and the whole. A map is used to display locations. A table or chart is used to organize a large amount of data.

5.4A Science Tools Collect, record, and analyze information using tools. Measure volume: beaker, graduated cylinders (mL, L) Measure length: meter sticks or metric rulers (cm, m, km) Measure mass: triple beam balance, pan balance (g, kg) Measure time: stopwatch, other timing devices (seconds, minutes, hours) Measure temperature: thermometer (degrees Celsius) Other lab equipment: Petri dishes, hot plates, test tubes, microscopes, calculators, computers

5.2A-G; 5.4A Answer questions 3-6 on your review sheet.

Classify matter based on physical properties. 5.5A Matter Classify matter based on physical properties.

5.5A Matter Physical Properties Matter is anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). All matter has physical properties—characteristics that are used to describe and classify it. What are some physical properties of matter? Texture Color Taste Shape Mass Size

5.5A Matter Physical Properties Magnetism Physical state (solid, liquid, gas) Relative density (sink or float)

5.5A Matter Physical Properties Solubility in water Ability to conduct or insulate thermal energy or electric energy

5.5A Matter Physical Properties Answer questions 7-10 on the review sheet.

5.6A Uses of Energy Explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy. Energy is the ability to do work or cause changes. Mechanical energy is the energy that an object has because of where it is and how fast it is moving. Light energy is energy that travels in a straight line and can move through air, empty space and certain other materials. Thermal energy is a form of energy related to temperature.

5.6A Uses of Energy Explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy. Electrical energy is energy that comes from the movement of charged particles. Sound energy is caused by the vibrations of objects.

5.6A The Sun Explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy. Almost all of the energy found on the Earth comes from the sun. The sun provides light and heat for the Earth.

5.6A Uses of Energy Explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy. Answer questions 11-13 on your review sheet.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. A circuit is a complete path through which electricity flows. Electricity flowing through a circuit can produce light. In order to make a bulb light up, there must be a complete circuit.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. Making the electric current stronger by adding more energy will make the bulb burn brighter.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. Electricity flowing through a complete circuit can produce heat. Not only is the bulb in this circuit producing light energy, it is also transforming some electrical energy into thermal energy, or heat.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. Electricity flowing through a complete circuit can produce sound.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. An electromagnet is a magnet formed from an electric current. The most common electromagnet consists of a wire coiled around a metallic core attached to a power source such as a battery. An electromagnet is a temporary magnet that can attract magnetic objects such as paper clips and other nails.

5.6B Electricity Demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat, and sound. Answer questions 14-15 on your review sheet.

5.6C Light Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels through one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water. Light travels in a straight line. When light strikes certain objects, most of it can pass right through, or be transmitted. These objects are called transparent. When light strikes other objects, only some of it can pass through, or be transmitted. These objects are called translucent. When light strikes opaque objects, almost of the light is absorbed, or soaked up.

5.6C Light Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels through one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water. When light hits a reflective surface such as a mirror, it changes directions, or bounces back. We call that reflection. When light passes through some substances, it slows downs and bends. This is called refraction.

5.6C Light Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels through one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water. Answer questions 16-18 on your review sheet.