Imperialism Motives & Justifications LG 4: Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for imperialism and explain the role technology played in imperialism.

How do you think languages like Spanish, French & English became the official business languages in these modern African Countries?

A Poem The White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling, 1899 (British poet who spent time in British- controlled India; also wrote The Jungle Book) Written as advice to the United States at the time of the Spanish – American War when the U.S. took control of places like the Philippines. What do you think Kipling’s message to the USA was? What evidence in the text justifies your answer?

Learning Goal 4 Motivations for European Imperialism Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for European imperialism and explain the role technology played in European imperialism.(TEKS/SE’s 1E,8C,28B)

European Imperialism Public policy of expansion and conquest followed by the European industrialized nations during the second half of the 19th century. Primarily in Africa and Asia, Europeans established Colonies, Protectorates or Spheres of influence Often utilized military force to exert control

Role of Industrialization created wealth and new technologies to conquer and control foreign lands.

Role of Industrialization Industrialization allowed for mass production of commodities which in turn, created an increased demand for more natural resources to run the machines in the factories. for more raw materials to produce the goods. For example, cotton and rubber were not produced in European climate Thus, these types of products were needed for import for industry/manufacturing to find new sources of cheap labor to produce goods. for new markets to sell the products. to protect Imperial possessions (like colonies) and shipping lanes How would you categorize this list of demands? Political, Economic or Social? While this was a major motivation for 19th century European Imperialism, it was not the only motive or justification for the policy. How would you categorize Rudyard Kipling’s rationale for imperialism?

Technological Innovations made Imperialism Possible Modern ships powered by steam, Steam Engine invented by James Watt Modern rifles, machine guns, and long-range artillery Telegraph (invented by Thomas Edison) and Railroads Impact→kept Imperial powers connected to conquered areas

Medical Advances that made 19th c. Imperialism Possible Treatments for tropical diseases Quinine to treat Malaria Treatments for Yellow Fever Prior to Quinine, European explorers were unable to survive in the interior of Africa

Social Darwinism What message is the message of this poster? What could have motivated this? Using a pseudo science called Eugenics, social Darwinists conducted all kinds of strange tests like measure the distance of someone's forehead to try to prove that Europeans were superior to other races. 

Social RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGICAL As Kipling’s poem suggests, some Imperialists believed than Non- Europeans were unable to rule themselves Theories like Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest societies) supported the notion of European cultural, technological superiority and right to rule over “weaker” societies Belief that Europeans had duty to “civilize” other societies Racism: belief in European racial superiority RELIGIOUS Missionaries hoped to convert non-Christians to Christianity

Political Background http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/sounds/pomp.mid Western Europe’s balance of power was complicated by the creation of the new nations, Italy and Germany (1860s and 1870s.) As new powers, Germany and Italy saw imperial expansion as a way to legitimize their status within Europe. Nationalism Traditional supremacy of Great Britain and France in Africa and Asia. France and Great Britain were fueled to reassert their influence in light of these power shifts. Fueled competition

NATIONALISM= EMPIRE BUILDING! “All around him he saw the stirrings of a new age of colonialism; this was the era in which the future South African politician and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes would say, ‘I would annex the planets if I could” -King Leopold's Ghost What is the most shocking statement in this quote? What does it signify? Rhodes was the Englishman who founded Rhodesia in South Africa and became wealthy through diamond mines. His arrogance and racism typified European belief in white supremacy.

European Nationalism drives competition

Analyzing Motives of Imperialism GOAL: You will be analyzing written and visual artifacts depicting European motives for empire building in the late 19th century.

Analyzing Motives of Imperialism ECONOMIC: POLITICAL: SOCIAL:

Economic Motives of Imperialism Make $$ Control foreign trade Open up new markets Obtain, Natural Resources, Raw materials and cheap labor Invest for trade Dominate commercial relations (as they did in Asia)

Political Motives of Imperialism Nationalism drove nations to compete with other countries Acquire new territories Boost national pride Protection of conquered lands Acquire strategic sites for trade ports and naval bases Exercise Military Force

Social Motives of Imperialism RELIGIOUS & IDEOLOGICAL: Spread Cultural values Belief in Racial superiority (racism) Belief in duty to “civilize” people in other parts of the world Spread Christianity Social Darwinism: “Survival of the Fittest”- only the strongest nations will survive. Belief that all great nations should have empires controlling “weaker” nations

#1: Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872

#2: A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925

#3: Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881

#4: Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882

#5: Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860

#6: An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899

#7: Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888. \

#8 British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897

#9: Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa

#10: French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam

#11: British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s

#12: British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892

#13: An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870

#14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898

#15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882

Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872 Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (African labor, exploiting natural resources for profit)

A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925 Imperial motives: SOCIAL: (Religious: Europeans spreading Christian values & education) or (Ideological: teaching European customs & beliefs)

Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881 Imperial motives: POLITICAL (nationalism: flag shows national identity or desire to possess new territory, European & African leaders meeting, European military presence)

Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882 Imperial motive: SOCIAL: (ideological belief in superiority of Europeans or that Europeans should “civilize” African)

Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860 Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (collecting African resources)

An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899 Imperial motives: SOCIAL (Ideological: belief in European superiority, need to “civilize” captive peoples, need to cleanse “dark corners of the earth”) and ECONOMIC (boats transporting goods to colonies, advertisement to sell product)

Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888. Imperial motives: SOCIAL: IDEOLOGICAL (teaching European values) or RELIGIOUS (education people of other cultures)

British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897 Imperial motives: POLITICAL (Naiionalism: Europeans depicted as animals competing for piece of China) or ECONOMIC (desire to trade in China to make cash) or SOCIAL: RELIGIOUS (Chinese depicted as heathen, calls on Christian duty to preach in China) or IDEOLOGICAL (belief that foreigners should be “civilized” by Europeans)

Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (Africans transporting indigenous goods)

French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam Imperial motives: POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism: exerting military force, battling for possession of territory, carrying flags to establish political control)

British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (goods from Ceylon transported to London, use of indigenous labor and resources, exportation of industrial technology) or POLITICAL (Nationalism: gaining national prestige through international trade)

British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892 Imperial motives: POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism- desire to control African territory, desire to boost national pride and gain power by winning colonies, desire to have military presence)

An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870 Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (exportation of transportation methods to improve trade) or POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

#14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898 Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (import raw materials, export manufactured items to Latin American ) or POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

#15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882 Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (Britain sought control of Suez Canal in Egypt) or POLTICAL (Nationalistic rivalry between the United States and Europe )