Chapter 18 - Viruses.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 - Viruses

What is a virus? Made of two parts Capsid—Nucleic acid Different shapes (477)

Viruses: composed of nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat (Capsid)

Virus Transmission

Only infect certain things Bacteriophage

Lytic Life Cycle

Viral Replication Cycles Lytic cycle A virus invades a cell. Takes over the host cell’s genes to make new viruses. This causes the cell to burst and more viruses are released.

Viruses that go through lytic cycle Common cold Flu Measles Chicken pox Ebola Smallpox Polio

Lysogenic cycle This is a replication cycle in which the DNA is integrated into the host cell’s chromosomes. Cells replicate with viral genes. Each new cell has viral genes. Virus can sit idle for many years before becoming active. Example: hepatitis, HIV

Lysogenic Life Cycle

Viruses that go through the lysogenic cycle (Provirus) pg 481 Chicken pox Herpes Hepatitis

Symptoms of Provirus Herpes simplex 1 – Cold sore; virus continues to live in body on nerve. Stress could cause the activation of lytic cycle Cold sores are not genital herpes

Chicken pox Genital Herpes Cold sores are different strains

Genital warts gone crazy!!!

HIV / AIDS Retrovirus—made of RNA (pg 481, Fig 18.5) Infects white blood cells and destroys them Lysogenic life cycle

Viruses are Specific Viruses can usually attach to only a few kinds of cells. Example: Polio viruses infect only intestinal and nerve cells.

Origin of Viruses Cells came first Nucleic acids broke from an original host First virus identified: Tobacco Mosaic Virus This virus caused poor tobacco plant growth. Affected profit

Are Viruses Living? Not made of cells Can reproduce, but only inside a host Adapt / evolve Do not utilize energy

Wash hands (hand sanitizer if you can’t wash), cover mouth, don’t touch face (nose, eyes, mouth)