Prokaryotic Cell Structure Biology Fall 2016

Prokaryotic Cell Structure Prokaryotes- bacteria that are unicellular organisms that no not have a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles. Aka bacteria (YouTube video)

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Plasmid- genes separate from chromosomes which can carry antibiotic-resistant genes. Look like Spaghetti O’s

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Flagellum- some bacteria have long, whip-like projections that enable them to move. Flagella-plural Found in both animal and bacterial cells

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Capsule- sticky capsule around the cell wall that enhances some bacteria to cause a disease.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Chromosome- single DNA molecule NOT enclosed in the nucleus. This contains most of the bacteria’s genes.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis. The suffix –sis means that it’s a process. Synthesis means “to make new” In this case, it means the process of making new proteins. Proteins are macromolecules.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Pilus- extensions of the plasma membrane. They “help” bacteria stick to a surface and also acts as a bridge where two bacteria can exchange DNA. Pili- plural Like cactus needles.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Plasma membrane- surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Aka cell membrane Aka lipid bilayer

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Cell wall- surrounds the plasma membrane. It gives the cell its shape and prevents osmosis (water entering) from bursting the cell. (It’s in between the layers. Look for the blue part.)