ASSESSESMENT OF THE COST OF ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ENERGY SECTORS IN NAMIBIA 2011

Namibia Population of some 2 million people Land Area slightly more than 800,000 km² Namibia has been hit by droughts Human activities have led to degradation of natural resources Majority of the population depends on natural resources Completed the I&FF assessment, well placed to discuss the costs of climate change conducted as part of the global The I&FF was a UNDP project, Capacity Development for Policy Makers to Address Climate Change

I&FF in the Energy Sector in Namibia (2001) Basic Questions: What can Namibia do to address climate change in the Energy sector? What level of financial contributions will be needed to achieve these objectives?”

I&FF Assessment Questions What are the main adaptation/mitigation measures for the energy sector in the next 25 years? (2005-2030) Who is investing in the sector/Who are the main stakeholders and sources? What level of I&FF will be needed in the Energy sector to address CC? What additional I&FF are needed to address climate change?

What are the main adaptation/mitigation measures for the energy sector in Namibia Concentrated on two energy sub-sectors: Electricity generation and Transport Under electricity, the focus was on solar, wind and energy efficiency as mitigation measures Under transport, the focus was on liquid fuels, and especially on petrol-powered passenger vehicles.

Adopted mitigation measures Replacement of diesel generators with solar technology Replacement of coal power station with wind power Increased solar power Increased wind power Energy efficiency measures Increased use of LPG in transport

Estimation of the I&FF: Methodology Use Baseline and Reference scenario Period of 25 years: 2005 – 2030 Mapped out investors and stakeholders Used 2005 constant prices Worked out costs and benefits for each scenario Computed the difference between the two for additional resources needed

Results Overall, the incremental costs of the mitigation scenarios for the electricity generation and transport are estimated to be US$ 1.2 billion over the period of 25yrs Costs per ton of CO2 eq. emissions reduced are estimated to be US$102 per ton

Remerging Policy Recommendations Expanding the share of wind and solar power generation in the national energy mix Improving energy efficiency would reduce the overall costs of energy consumption and therefore be a win-win solution. No-regret options are available in the diesel and coal sectors as the implementation of measures would lead to net savings of I&FF.

Climate Change Budget Screening for the Tanzania’s Agriculture Sector (2013)

Context Tanzania’s key economic drivers - agriculture, tourism and energy are highly climate-sensitive. Over 90% of agriculture is rain-fed About 90% of energy is sourced from biomass. Agriculture contributes about 23.7% (2011) of GDP Employs about 77% of the total workforce 85% of arable land used by small-holders

Objective of the Budget Screening in the Agricultural Sector To bring out the extent to which budgetary allocations to the agriculture sector include financing of programs and activities that address climate change, and in particular build resilience to climate change vulnerability Track all allocations –All by default or design

Methodology Identification of agriculture-related projects versus nonagricultural projects Identification of climate change related projects and assessment of climate change relevance Classification by adaptation versus mitigation Identification of MAFC projects versus those based in line ministries or other MDAs Data Analysis for Climate Change Expenditure

Results Composition of Climate Change-related Projects in Tanzania by Major Classification 2011-2013

Results Development versus Climate Change Funds

Results Composition of Climate Change Finance by Source of Funds

Results Agriculture Sector Climate Change Expenditure as a Percentage of the Sector’s Budget

Results MAFC Climate Change Expenditure as a Percentage of the Ministry’s Budget

Results Financing by Major Classification of Climate Change Activities in the Agriculture Sector

Results Financing by Major Classification of Climate Change Activities in MAFC

Results Sources of Climate Change Finance in the Agriculture Sector

END THANK YOU