Founder of modern evolutionary theory Charles Darwin British naturalist 1809-1882 Founder of modern evolutionary theory 11/13/2018 Biology

More Facts About Darwin Naturalist on HMS Beagle in 1831 collected, studied, stored biological specimens throughout South America and South Pacific published “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection” in 1859 HMS Beagle 11/13/2018 Biology

Darwin’s Observations in the Galapagos Islands Species of reptiles, insects, birds, flowering plants were unique to the islands but similar to species elsewhere 11/13/2018 Biology

Darwin’s Finches 11/13/2018 Biology                                                                                                                             

Galapagos Islands 11/13/2018 Biology

After the voyage Found that individuals struggled for existence Competition for: Food Space Predators shelter Food                    Shelter Space Finding mates Predators 11/13/2018 Biology

Artificial Selection Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits Horses 11/13/2018 Dogs Biology

Natural Selection A mechanism for change in populations Occurs when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survives, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation English moths 11/13/2018 Biology

Structural Adaptations Mimicry Enables one species to resemble another. Example: Bee orchid, yellow jackets 11/13/2018 Biology

Camouflage Organisms blend with its surroundings Example: flounder Frog Flounder Praying mantis 11/13/2018 Biology

Physiological Adaptations Changes in an organism’s metabolic processes Direct evidence for evolution Penicillin-resistance by some bacteria Pesticide-resistance by some insects 11/13/2018 Biology

Other Evidence for Evolution                                            Other Evidence for Evolution Indirect Evidence 11/13/2018 Biology

Fossils Provide a record of early life and evolutionary history Incomplete Found throughout the world 11/13/2018 Biology

Anatomy Homologous structures Structural features with a common evolutionary origin Similar in structure, function or both Does not always mean that two species are related 11/13/2018 Biology

Analogous structures Any part that is similar in function but different in structure Not used to indicate evolutionary relationship Birds and butterflies use wings to fly Butterfly wings made of chitin Bird wings made of bones 11/13/2018 Biology

Vestigial structures Body structure in a present-day organisms that no longer serves its original purpose Probably useful to ancestor Ex. Appendix in humans, pelvis and femur in whales 11/13/2018 Biology

Embryology Similarities in stages of embryonic development leading to distinct organism Ex. Frogs and humans 11/13/2018 Biology

11/13/2018 Biology

Biochemistry Use of DNA, RNA, ATP, and comparisons More reliable Amino acid sequence of cytochrome c differ among different species More reliable Indicates levels of relationships 11/13/2018 Biology

11/13/2018 Biology

11/13/2018 Biology