Subjective portion of test Review for Lap 1 Subjective portion of test

Who is this? This thinker believed that natural moral state of human beings is compassionate; however, civilization has made them cruel and selfish Hint: Believed that the government should run according to the will of the majority “General Will” The problem with society is the unequal distribution of wealth Jean Jacques Rousseau!

Who is this? “It is evident that all human beings… are equal amongst themselves.” Hint: Believed that if the government did not protect people’s natural rights, then the people had the right to revolt Hint Natural Rights include Life, Liberty, and Property John Locke! Who did he influence?

Who is this? “I authorize and give up my right of governing my self, to this Man, or to this assembly of men…and authorize all his actions in like manner…” Hint: Thinker believed people would exchange most of their freedoms for safety of organized society What is this called? Thomas Hobbes! Social Contract

Only one left—your turn How would you describe Baron de Montesquieu in three hints?

Compare Declarations Declaration of Independence and Declaration of the Rights of Man Found on the following slides What are similar ideas in both these documents? Are there any differences?

Document 1 United States’ Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their Safety and Happiness …But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security...”

Document 2 French National Assembly’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen “The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have resolved to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man […]. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen: Articles: 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. 2. The purpose of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. […] 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law. […]”

STANDARD: Class Definition of Revolution I will give you a description of a revolution that we have not studied You will study the description and decide whether you believe it is a “true” revolution For Example: Agricultural Revolution Shift from using simple farming tools and methods to new farming techniques Led to extraordinary agricultural output Supported a huge population growth which freed a lot of workers to leave farming and work in factories—Industrial Revolution

HONORS: Class Definition of Revolution I will give you a description of a revolution that we have not studied How would you adapt your class’s definition to fit the described Revolution? For Example: Agricultural Revolution Shift from using simple farming tools and methods to new farming techniques Led to extraordinary agricultural output Supported a huge population growth which freed a lot of workers to leave farming and work in factories—Industrial Revolution

HONORS Quote from Robespierre: We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. Society owes protection only to peaceable citizens; the only citizens in the Republic are the republicans. For it, the royalists, the conspirators are only strangers or, rather, enemies. This terrible war waged by liberty against tyranny- is it not indivisible? Are the enemies within not the allies of the enemies without? The assassins who tear our country apart, the intriguers who buy the consciences that hold the people's mandate; the traitors who sell them; the mercenary pamphleteers hired to dishonor the people's cause, to kill public virtue, to stir up the fire of civil discord, and to prepare political counterrevolution by moral counterrevolution-are all those men less guilty or less dangerous than the tyrants whom they serve? Maximilien Robespierre, 1794 How does he justify the Reign of Terror?