Stone Name Yusra Saif AL_abri 12685581 Huayada AL_shereiqi 26412123

INTRODUCTION Natural Stones are quarried out of mountains or underground from all over the world and then cut into blocks. One beautiful characteristic of natural stone is that there are no two pieces of natural stone alike. Some stones may have extreme variation in color and veining from tile to tile or slab to slab. This characteristic is common in many types of stone, and is part of the inherent beauty of using a natural product in your home or project.

PROPERTIES OF STONES Stone is a heterogeneous substance characterized by a wide range of : Mineral compositions Textures Rock structures. Durability : mainly abrasion Strength Both Strength durability are affected by texture and physical characteristics Porosity Water absorption Coefficient of thermal expansion Fire resistance

USES 1. Structure. 2. Face works stones are adopted to give massive appearance to structure. 3. Paving stones 4. Sandstone is a popular stone with sculptors. 5. Good and durable construction material 6. Thresholds and steps in manor houses 7. War memorials in the 19th and 20th centuries 8. Limestone for burning lime and also for manufacture of cement 9. Limestone as a flux in blast furnaces 10. Insulators in electrical appliances..

AVAILABLE IN NATUR About Natural Stone For centuries, stone has been used by nearly all civilizations. Each corner of the world and each layer of earth yields a multitude of stone varieties, and a uniqueness within each stone, giving you a vast palette of possible applications wherewith to create your masterpiece. For more information, see “Natural Stone Council, Genuine Stone

MANUFACUTRING PROCESS 1. Selection of the right Quarry and the Big Block 2. Cutting down the Block to Slabs

MANUFACUTRING PROCESS 3. Sizing of the Slabs 4. Filling Process

MANUFACUTRING PROCESS 5. Polishing or Honing 6, Final Quality Check and Shade Selection

Sizes and types of stones Stone may be classified according to geological into the following types: *Igneous rock such as granite and malachite is formed by the crystallization of molten magma. *Metamorphic rock such as marble and slate has undergone a change in structure texture or composition due to natural agencies such as heat and pressure especially when the rock becomes harder and more crystalline. *Sedimentary rock such as limestone sandstone and shale is formed by the deposition of sediment by glacial action. As a loadbearing wall material stone is similar to modular unit masonry. Although stone masonry is not necessarily uniform in size it is laid up with mortar and used in compression . Almost all stone is adversely affected by sudden changes in temperature and should not be used where a high degree of fire resistance is required.

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