Civil Rights Movement

Jim Crow South-Segregation

Brown vs. Board of Ed-1954 Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka Kansas (1954) Linda Brown’s parents attempted to enroll her in 3rd grade at closest elementary school, which was segregated NAACP brought suit on behalf of her and 19 other children to integrate the school because segregated schools are denying minorities educational opportunities Thurgood Marshall- NAACP lawyer and future 1st black Supreme Court justice Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Brown 9-0 “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” Overturns Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

Little Rock Arkansas Brown put in action in Little Rock Ark. “Little Rock 9”- 9 students attempted to register at high school Governor Faubus of Ark. Called in Arkansas National Guard to prevent integration Eisenhower called in US Army to force integration (he also federalized the Ark. Guard, thereby putting them under his control and they now protected the students ability to get to school)

Montgomery Bus Boycotts December 1st 1955, Rosa Parks (seamstress and NAACP secretary) refused to give up her seat in front most black row of the bus to a white man Parks was arrested,….Guilty??? Punishment?? guilty, fine of $10 and $4 court fee Martin Luther King Jr. decided on a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery 50,000 blacks walked, biked, carpooled, horse and buggy, black taxi drivers charge 10 cents a ride for blacks (cost of bus fare, they would later be fined if they charged less than the minimum 45 cent fare) 381 day boycott finally ended when Supreme Court ruled segregation of public busses illegal (Browder vs. Gayle)

Sit-Ins CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) built on success of bus boycotts and started sit-ins to de-segregate restaurants They sat, even handcuffed themselves to lunch counters or booths at restaurants until they were served or arrested MLK says it’s a badge of honor for those that endured the abuse they took What is the goal in both the boycotts and the sit-ins?????? What is the method?????

Freedom Rides Spring 1961- Started by CORE (Farmer), Greyhound bus rides from the North to the South to protest government non enforcement of Morgan vs. Commonwealth of Va. and Boynton vs. Va., which declared segregation of interstate busses unconstitutional KKK organized violence when the busses arrived in the South…. RFK had to order federal troops on board to protect freedom riders

Albany Movement Local civil rights leaders organized protests in Albany, Georgia Eventually, MLK joined the protests, but local leaders didn’t want his help… Why? Year long protests, but basically the largest failure of civil rights movement….. Police Chief Pritchett reversed the standard tactics…. He prayed with civil rights leaders and had cops stand idly by while cameras rolled, when reporters left, he had leaders jailed… when King was sentenced by courts to 45 days in jail, police chief let him out in 3 days…. King stated… “"We had witnessed persons being kicked off lunch counter stools ... ejected from churches ... and thrown into jail ... But for the first time, we witnessed being kicked out of jail."

Birmingham Alabama Spring 1963, Birmingham Alabama had national spotlight for civil rights movement 40% black, yet only 15% voted MLK “I will stay until Pharaoh lets my people go”!!! What is his goal in stating this? (not just the obvious, think of the implication!!!!!) Reaching out to the white Christians!!! Thousands marched in demonstrations, including children demonstrators blasted by hoses, beaten by police, marchers bitten by dogs Over 900 children arrested Birmingham shows struggle to entire nation Biggest goal of non-violent protest?????? Which race is the evil, cruel one????? Who is showing humility, patience, Christian like virtue?????

Martin Luther King Jr. 8/28/63 March on Washington D.C. ¼ million people “I Have a Dream” speech Hw- Watch speech and answer questions: Where and why is the speech given? How has America “cashed a bad check”? What is his “dream”? What historical evidence or text (document) does he use to prove his dream?

Civil Rights Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1957 1st since Reconstruction, expanded voting Civil Rights Act of 1964 Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin in public facilities Civil Rights Act of 1968 Prevents discrimination in housing Voting Rights Act of 1965 Banned literacy tests

Civil Rights Groups/Leaders- NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- Roy Wilkins/MLK SLCS- Southern Christian Leadership Conference- MLK CORE- Congress Of Racial Equality- James Farmer SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee- Stokely Carmichael/John Lewis National Urban League- Whitney Young Nation of Islam- Malcolm X

Black Militancy Groups Nation of Islam- Malcolm X Wanted separation of races “By any means necessary” Considered MLK an “Uncle Tom” “blue eyed devils” Black Panthers- Stokely Carmichael “Smash everything Western civilization has created” 1968 Summer Olympics Urban riots in Newark, Detroit, Watts

A.I.M.-American Indian Movement 1969- took over Alcatraz island for 19 months 1971- “Trail of Broken Treaties” and overtook Bureau of Indian Affairs offices in D.C. 1973- armed standoff at Wounded Knee for 71 days

Gay Rights Movement 1969 Stonewall Inn Rebellion 1980’s AIDS awareness

Civil Rights Group Work For each of the groups trying to increase their civil rights, complete the chart using the textbook.

Civil Rights Group Work Black Panthers/ Nation of Islam Gay Americans with Disabilities Women American Indian Movement Important Person/Event What they believe their inequity is/Goals Method used to achieve their goals Civil Rights Group Work For each of the groups below,