كميته‌هاي اخلاق در پژوهش

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Presentation transcript:

كميته‌هاي اخلاق در پژوهش ارائه دهنده: دکترکيارش آرامش مرکز تحقيقات اخلاق و تاريخ پزشکي تهيه و تنظيم اسلايدها: دکتر فرزانه زاهدي مرکز تحقيقات غدد و متابوليسم

Partners in Community-Based Research: A Model Research Staff EC/ IRB Community Partners in Community-Based Research: A Model Many partners are involved in identifying, developing, conducting, and disseminating research in a community. This curriculum focuses on an ideal relationship between 3 of these partners. The community where research will be taking place, represented by the research participants and other community members. The research staff, including the study investigator and other persons with a direct role in the research. The sponsor of the research is included here, although this person or organization is not always physically located at the research site. The sponsor generally provides funds and resources needed to conduct the research. (Additional information about research staff and sponsors is covered in Section II.) The ethics committee or institutional review board, which reviews and approves research processes to make sure that participants will not be harmed in the research study. (Additional information on ethics committees or institutional review boards is covered in Section III.) These 3 partners should work together to make sure that research studies are conducted with the best interests of the community in mind. All partners have specific responsibilities to each other and to the research process. When all partners have the information and training needed to meet responsibilities, it is more likely that the research will be conducted successfully.

Ethics Committees Names of ethics committees vary by location; including Research Ethics Committee, REC / EC Institutional Review Board, IRB Ethics Review Committee, ERC Ethics Review Board, ERB , etc. Primary role is to protect human research participants Ethics Committees An ethics committee is a group of people from different backgrounds that conducts an independent review of proposed studies on human participants. All international regulations require the review and approval of human research studies by an independent and qualified ethics committee prior to initiation. These committees are known by various names, such as a research ethics committee (sometimes referred to as an EC) or an institutional review board (sometimes referred to as an IRB). The World Health Organization calls these groups ethics committees, the term we use in this curriculum. The main purpose of ethics committees is to protect human research participants. This is more important than the interests of the researcher or the institution in which a study will take place. Meeting of an ethics committee take place at least annually to review and approve human research studies before any participants are enrolled. They also review ongoing studies. Activity (20 minutes) Distribute copies of the table on the roles and responsibilities of ethics committee and community representatives found in the Additional Resources section. The facilitator can either lead a discussion comparing the two columns or divide participants into 2 groups to discuss and then present examples to the entire group.

وظايف اصلي كميته هاي اخلاق Protection: محافظت از حقوق، رفاه و سلامت داوطلبان انساني از هرگونه خطر روحي يا رواني طي مراحل مختلف تحقيق؛ محافظت از حقوق مشروع محققين در انجام پژوهش؛ محافظت از اعتبار دانشگاه/ بيمارستان محل پژوهش يا حاميان مالي پروژه Advice: ارائه مشاوره و راهنمايي لازم در مواردي كه ممكن است پروژه براي شركت كنندگان يا جامعه وسيعتري با خطرات يا تهاجماتي همراه باشد

وظايف اصلي كميته هاي اخلاق Education: افزايش دانش و آگاهي ها در مورد مسائل اخلاقي و قوانين و راهكارها Research Quality: براي اخلاقي بودن يك پژوهش، پروژه بايستي از لحاظ علمي قابل پذيرش باشد Conciliation: رفع اختلافات و ايجاد وفاق مابين محققين و شركت كنندگان

Ethics Committees: Criteria for Review and Approval Scientific Design and Conduct of the Research • Appropriate research design? • Qualified researchers? Recruitment of Research Participants • Appropriate recruitment methods? • Safeguards for vulnerable populations? Community Considerations • Benefit to community? • Consultation with community?

Ethics Committees: Criteria for Review and Approval Care and Protection of Research Participants • During and after the research? • Monitoring of the research? Informed Consent • Complete information? • Written documentation? Confidentiality Issues • Adequate protection? • Risk from breach?

Ethics Committees: Post-approval Role ECs should be notified of the following: • Changes to the protocol and consent form • Addition of new research implementation sites • Changes in recruitment procedures • Problems encountered that could impact the safety of participants

كميته‌هاي اخلاق در چهار سطح مورد بررسي قرار گرفته‌اند. * The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Guide N°.1. Establishing Bioethics Committees. Paris: UNESCO, 2005. Available from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001393/139309e.pdf *The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Guide No. 2. Bioethics Committees at Work: Procedures and Policies. Paris: UNESCO, 2005. SHS/BI0-2005/10. Available from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001415/141563e.pdf

مقاله مروري: نظري بركميته‌هاي اخلاق در پژوهش در جهان و ايران مجله ديابت و ليپيد ايران، (لاريجاني؛ زاهدي)، تابستان 1385، دوره5، شماره4، زير چاپ

كميته هاي اخلاق در پژوهش كشور تشكيل كميته ملي اخلاق در تحقيقات پزشكي (1377) كميته ملي اخلاق با هدف تبيين مباني اسلامي، قانوني و اخلاقي در تمام تحقيقات پزشكي؛ حفظ حقوق انساني و دفاع از حقوق افراد مورد پژوهش، پژوهشگر، و سازمانهاي پژوهش كننده در طي برنامه‌هاي پژوهشي؛ و نظارت بر رعايت اصول اخلاقي در تمام پروژه‌هاي پژوهشي تشكيل شده است. اعضاء اين كميته عبارتند از: معاونت پژوهشي وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشكي؛‌ رئيس مركز ملي تحقيقات پزشكي؛ رئيس مركز تحقيقات اخلاق پزشكي؛ يك نفر روحاني آشنا با مباحث پزشكي؛ دو محقق شناخته شده كشور؛ مشاورامورحقوقي و يك اپيدميولوژيست يا محقق آمار حياتي. "El Consentimiento Informado es un proceso mediante el cual una persona confirma voluntariamente su deseo de participar en un estudio en particular después de haber sido informado sobre todos los aspectos de éste que sean relevantes para que tome la decisión de participar. El consentimiento informado se documenta por medio de un formulario de consentimiento informado escrito, firmado y fechado”.

كميته هاي اخلاق در پژوهش كشور تشكيل كميته‌هاي منطقه‌اي اخلاق در تحقيقات در دانشگاههاي علوم پزشكي و مراكز تحقيقاتي آيين‌نامه كميته‌هاي اخلاقي در پژوهشهاي علوم پزشكي در سال 1378 تهيّه وبه تمامي دانشگاههاي علوم پزشكي ارسال گرديد. سپس در سال 1383، در جهت بهبود كارآيي و تعميم نظارت اخلاقي بر پژوهشهاي انساني در مراكز تحقيقاتي پزشكي كه داراي رديف مستقل از سازمان مديريت و برنامه ريزي كشور هستند، مورد بازنگري قرار گرفت . "El Consentimiento Informado es un proceso mediante el cual una persona confirma voluntariamente su deseo de participar en un estudio en particular después de haber sido informado sobre todos los aspectos de éste que sean relevantes para que tome la decisión de participar. El consentimiento informado se documenta por medio de un formulario de consentimiento informado escrito, firmado y fechado”.

وظايف كميته مركزي نظارت بر عملکرد زير کميته ها و کميته هاي مراکز و دانشکده ها رسيدگي به اختلافات(اعم از اختلاف پژوهشگران با يکديگر و يا اختلاف پژوهشگران با کميته مراکز وابسته يا زير کميته) بررسي درخواست تاسيس كميته اخلاق در پژوهش در مراكز تحقيقاتي يا دانشکده ها بررسي ساير ضرورت‌هاي بررسي اخلاقي پيش بيني نشده در اين دستورالعمل تهيه گزارش عملكرد دوره‌اي كميته اخلاق در پژوهش دانشگاه جهت ارائه به كميته كشوري

كميته‌هاي مراكز تحقيقاتي و دانشكده‌ها كميته‌هاي مراكز تحقيقاتي و يا دانشكده‌هاي تابعه به درخواست آن مراكز يا دانشكده‌ها، با تصويب كميتة مركزي و با تركيب مشخص شده در آيين‌نامة كشوري اخلاق در پژوهش تشكيل خواهد شد. كميته‌هاي مراكز تحقيقاتي و دانشكده‌ها موظفند ظرف حداكثر 3 ماه از تشكيل، گردش كار و فرم‌ها و چك‌ليست‌هاي خود را تنظيم و به كميتة مركزي اعلام نمايند. طرح‌هاي مراكز تحقيقاتي يا دانشكده‌هايي كه كميتة اخلاق دارند چنان‌چه به همراه تأييديه كميتة اخلاق آن مركز يا دانشكده‌ها به معاونت پژوهشي ارسال شوند، وارد گردش كار رسيدگي اخلاقي در معاونت پژوهشي نمي‌شوند.

اجزاي مورد بررسي طرحها كميته بايد از رعايت ضروريات زير مطمئن گردد: خطر براي شركت كنندگان در پژوهش به حداقل ممكن برسد. خطر براي شركت كنندگان در پژوهش به نسبت سودمندي كه مطالعه براي وي دارد و دانشي كه در اثر انجام مطالعه حاصل مي‌شود قابل دفاع باشد. كميتة اخلاق در توليد دانش را به عنوان توجيه عوارضي كه پژوهش بر شركت كنندگان در پژوهش دارد نمي‌پذيرد. انتخاب نمونه‌ها عادلانه باشد. در اين ارزيابي كميته هدف مطالعه و ساختار اجراي مطالعه را مورد ارزيابي قرار مي‌دهد تا انجام پژوهش بر افراد آسيب‌پذير (از قبيل كودكان، زنان باردار، سالمندان، زندانيان، افراد با ناتواني ذهني، افراد با سطح درآمد يا سطح سواد پائين) قابل توجيه باشد و انتخاب نمونه‌ها از گروهي باشد كه فوايد نتايح طرح به آن‌ها خواهد رسيد. رضايت آگاهانه مطابق دستور العمل ضروريات رضايت آگاهانه از تمام افراد مورد پژوهش يا نماينده قانوني آن‌ها اخذ گردد. حداكثر رعايت رازداري از داده‌هاي پژوهش به عمل آيد. وقتي پژوهش حسب ضرورت بر روي افراد آسيب‌پذير انجام مي‌شود، اقدامات مورد لزوم در حفاظت از حقوق و آسايش آن‌ها به عمل آيد.

رسيدگي و پايش مداوم رسيدگي و پايش مداوم بر طرح‌ها توسط اعضاء زيركميته مربوطه انجام خواهد شد. فواصل زماني نظارت بر طرح بسته به نوع پژوهش و شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش در زمان بررسي اوليه طرح در زيرکميته مربوطه تعيين خواهد شد. در رسيدگي و پايش مداوم، كميتة مربوطه حق دسترسي به مستندات طرح، مصاحبه با مجري / مجريان و شركت‌كنندگان در پژوهش را دارد.

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