Thickening of intima (atherosclerotic plaque) due to proliferation of cholesterol-containing macrophages and other cells Thrombus formed due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD (IHD) and CAD is the most common cause of death worldwide
Red infarction of lung
Adenoma with low grade dysplasia Stratification of nuclei Hyperchromasia Cigar-shaped nuclei (high N/C ratio) Goblet cell depletion Mild architecture disturbance Normal colonic mucosa polyp
The basement membrane is still intact but the dysplasia is high grade (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) = high grade dysplasia Dysplastic epithelium The dysplasia is in the 3 layers from bottom to top Dysplasia here: Loss of polarity of cells and loss of maturation Hyperchromasia Nuclear pleomorphism Enlarged nuclei High mitoses (not limited To basal layer) Normal squamous epithelium with maturation (from basal columnar layer to superficial squamous cells) These are inflammatory cells (not invasion)
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma Keratin pearls…which means that there is some degree of differentiation Tongues & islands of malignant squamous cells
Anaplasia
Abnormal mitosis in a background of severe atypia Chromatin clumps
High atypia mitosis
mitoses
Malignant tumor Prominent nucleolus
Colonic adenocarcinoma Malignant glands (severe dysplasia with severe disturbance in architecture) …in submucosa……………invasion Colonic adenocarcinoma Muscularis mucosae
Poorly differentiated tumor
Basal Cell carcinoma Islands of basaloid cells Peripheral palisading of cells at the periphery of each island