Acid-Base Properties of Aluminum in a Hardwood Forest Soil

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Presentation transcript:

Acid-Base Properties of Aluminum in a Hardwood Forest Soil (or: Acid Rain is Dead…) Chris E. Johnson & Sheila M. Palmer Syracuse University

Acid Rain Effects Elevated SO42- in drainage waters. Decreased pH, ANC. Elevated Alm. Decreased base saturation in soil.

Recovery Should Result in: Decreased SO42- in drainage waters. Increased pH, ANC. Decreased Alm concentrations. Increased base saturation in soils.

Base Saturation and Soil pH Brady (1974)

Base Saturation-pH Relationships in NE USA Johnson (2002)

Organic Matter is the Principal Sorbent for Cation Binding Johnson (2002)

Competition for Binding Sites: Al/H Reaction: Al-X + 3H+ ↔ Al3+ + H3-X KAl/H Linear Relationship: (log[Al3+] + 3pH) vs. log(NAl/NH) NAl = fraction of sites occupied by Al (CuCl2 extraction) NH = fraction of sites occupied by H (Total Acidity – AlCuCl2) Skyllberg (1999)

Swedish Spodosols Skyllberg (1999)

Hubbard Brook, NH Soils This Study: n = 2.53 KAl/H = 9.87 Skyllberg (1999): n = 2.47 KAl/H = 8.13

“Non-Acidic” Behavior of Aluminum Johnson (2002)

Modeling Cation Binding with WHAM Windermere Humic Aqueous Model – Tipping (1994) and updates. Model V for cation binding by soil organic matter. Multiple sites with varying binding properties. Donnan-type double-layer model.

Hubbard Brook Soils – Titration Experiments Brown: No model fitting – measured soil properties. Blue: Concentration of humic substances optimized.

Effects of Changing Soil Al Pools

Field Evidence of “Excess” Al-binding Capacity

So, What Does It All Mean? Al-H interactions – not Al-Ca – appear to govern Al levels in acid forest soils. Aluminum exhibits “non-acidic” behavior in a range of forest soils of the NE USA. “Recovery” from acidification may contain some surprises! Increased soil Al? Limited replenishment of soil Ca? Acid rain is dead… Long Live Acid Rain!