Unit Seven: Growth & Division 1816-1832

Major Themes American Nationalism Early Industry Land of Cotton Sectionalism

American Nationalism Analyze how John Marshall strengthened the judicial branch. Evaluate how nationalism affected the nation’s foreign policy after the War of 1812.

“Era of Good Feelings” sense of national pride after the War of 1812 describes the Monroe presidency only one national political party

Economic Nationalism American System Bill national bank protecting American manufacturers infrastructure Second Bank of the United States national currency control state banks Protective Tariff of 1816 internal improvement plan vetoed by Madison most funding by private and local government

Judicial Nationalism John Marshall – rulings that increased the dominance of the federal over state governments Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Virginia state law stated “no enemy” can inherit land Ruling established the Supreme Court as the nation’s court of final appeal McCulloch v. Maryland Maryland’s attempt to tax the National Bank court ruled National Bank is constitutional court ruled that federal government “supreme in its own sphere” Gibbons v. Ogden case concerning a monopoly of steam boat traffic declared monopoly is unconstitutional definition of interstate commerce

Diplomacy expands borders & assert itself on world stage Florida source of problem Seminole Kinache Adams-Onis Treaty Monroe Doctrine Quadruple Alliance warning and assurance

Questions How did the War of 1812 affect Americans and their leaders? Why did American leaders want to create the Second Bank of the United, impose a protective tariff, and improve the nation’s transportation system? How did the Supreme Court decisions in cases between 1816 and 1824 establish the power of the federal government over state governments? What were the effects of the Adams-Onis treaty and the Monroe Doctrine?

Early Industry Examine the changes that took place in transportation in the early 1800s. Discuss how the Industrial Revolution changed methods of production. Describe how industrialization affected the development of cities. Explain the creation and rise of the factory workers and the role of industrialization on the South.

Transportation Revolution Erie Canal National Road Roles of private business, state, and local funding Advantages of water transportation Robert Fulton Clermont (1807) The “Iron Horse” Peter Cooper Tom Thumb Advantages and Disadvantages

Industrial Production Elements Hand tools to complex machines Skilled artisans to unskilled workers Factories replacing home based business Distribution Factors in the US free enterprise private property limited liability Northeast power source entrepreneurs and merchants Samuel Slater Francis Lowell Eli Whitney Samuel F. Morse

Organized Labor new kind of worker labor unions Commonwealth v. Hunt higher wages ten hour workday Commonwealth v. Hunt Role of agriculture North South

Questions Why were railroads the most influential method of transportation in America in the 1800’s? What was the Industrial Revolution? Why did many city populations double or triple in the US during the early to mid 1800s? Why did early labor unions have little success? Why was farming the main economic activity in the US during most of the 1800s?