Topic 10 IB-Core-Marquez Organic Chemistry Topic 10 IB-Core-Marquez

10.2 Functional Group Chemistry Things to note Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes and tend to react via radical substitution Alkenes undergo addition reactions. Br2(l) is used to distinguished between alkane and alkene Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution with acids. They can oxidized, go through esterification and condensation Haloalkenes are more reactive than alkanes and undergo nucleophilic substitution. Polymers are composed of repeating monomers Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution and the benzene ring itself is very stable.

Alkanes Combustions ____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____CO2(g) + _____H2O(g) Complete (excess O2) ____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____CO(g) + _____H2O(g) Incomplete (limited O2) ____C3H8(g) + ____O2(g) ____C(s) + _____H2O(g) Incomplete (extreme O2) Increase in C:H ratio with unsaturated hydrocarbons = increase in smoke b/c of unburned C(s) Increase in particulate = increase in global dimming (smog)

Alkane Substitution Reaction UV light is used to initiate the reaction The reaction becomes a chain reaction. NO UV UV http://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/chemistry/organic-chemistry/alkanes

Alkene Addition reactions Hydrogenation Bromine water to test for saturation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE1CDR1S5pk

Halogens Halogen Halides

hydration

Polymerization of Alkenes

Alkene Reaction Summary

Alcohols Combustion

Oxidation: Use of an oxidizer like K2Cr2O7 (acidified). Cr+6 (orange) to Cr+3 (green) as the alcohol oxidizes. Oxidizer is at times symbolized as +[O]

Esterfication Condensation (release of water, making bond)