WHAPPING 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.

2.1.1: Codification and Development of Religious Traditions Provide Bonds and Ethical Codes. Jewish Monotheism & Hebrew Scriptures Vedic Religions in India

Judaism Abraham and migration Various conquests and diasporas

Hinduism Development over time Vedas, including Bhagavad-Gita Effect on entire socio-political spectrum Caste, Dharma, Karma, and reincarnation Varieties of Hinduism prevent a fully unified culture

2.1.2: New Belief Systems Emerge and Spread Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Christianity Greco-Roman Philosophy

Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama, Ganges River Valley Comparisons to Hinduism; differences Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path Ashoka’s role in expansion Theravada and Mahayana variants

Confucianism Confucius and The Analects Supports traditional Chinese emphasis on balance in nature and the Mandate of Heaven Hierarchy and reciprocity within the Five Relationships

Daoism Laozi, 6th century B.C.E. Reflective, not active citizenship Simplify and find harmony with nature Compatible with Confucianism despite differences

Christianity Jesus of Nazareth, 1st century C.E., Judea Appeals to poor (like Buddhism) Spread by followers, especially Paul Constantine and Edict of Milan 313 C.E. Theodosius I and Roman state religion

Greco-Roman Philosophy Greek Religion’s vague ethics Wisdom Courage Temperance Justice Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle Emphasis on reason over spirituality

2.1.3: Belief Systems’ Impact on Gender Roles Codified patriarchy: Confucianism and Hinduism Monasticism: Christianity and Buddhism Filial Piety: Confucianism Continued Traditions: All of them

2.1.4: Other Religious Traditions Shamanism and Animism: Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, the Americas Ancestor veneration: Sub-Saharan Africa