Coordination Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Coordination Chemistry ligands bonding to metals

Donor-Acceptor Complexes

Definitions Lewis Acid = acceptor = usually a transition metal cation Lewis Base = donor = ligand = usually something with a lone electron pair Coordination number = # of metal-ligand attachments Denticity = # of attachments a ligand makes

Common Ligands Monodentate Ligands: Halides: F-, Cl-, Br-, I- O2-, S2-, OH-, CN- NH3, H2O, CO Bidentate Ligands: Polydentate Ligands: heme, salen

Monodentate complexes

Monodentate complexes

Bidentate ligand complexes Co(en)2Cl2 Ni(DMG)2

Bidentate complexes Co(en)32+ Fe(phen)32+

Polydentate complexes Co(salen)+ chlorophyll

Fe-heme

Polydentate complexes Fe-heme O2-Fe-heme

Determining Metal Oxidation States [Ag(NH3)2]NO3 K2[NiCl4] [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl [Cr(H2O)4CO3]Br

Isomerization in Coordination Compounds Do for octahedral Complexes

Inner and Outer Spheres [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl H2O [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2

All compounds Structural (constitutional) Stereo linkage ionization hydration geometric optical [Co(NH3)5Cl]NO2 [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl [Co(NH3)4Cl(H2O)]Cl2 [Co(NH3)4Cl2]ClH2O [Co(NH3)5SCN]2+ [Co(NH3)5NCS]2+

Linkage Isomers

Ionization Isomers

Hydration Isomers

Optical Isomers: enantiomers (mirror images) key to recognizing: no mirror planes of symmetry Type 1. arrangement of monodentate ligands Type 2. arrangement of bidentate ligands

Geometric isomerism: like cis-trans

Geometric isomerism Fac- isomer Mer- isomer

Example 1: Co(NH3)4Cl2 Geometric Isomers: predicting numbers Use shorthand: M = metal a, b, c, etc. are different ligands Example 1: Co(NH3)4Cl2

Example 2: Co(NH3)3BrCl2

Example 3: Co(NH3)3enBr2+