Circulatory System Disorders Section 12.3 Circulatory System Disorders

Arteriosclerosis - Description Condition that occurs when the walls of the arteries thicken and lose some elastic properties “hardening of the arteries” Plaque (fatty deposits, calcium and fibrous tissue) builds up inside the artery wall Arteriosclerosis - Description

Arteriosclerosis - Description Narrowing of arteries results in: Decreased blood flow Increased blood pressure Arteriosclerosis - Description

Arteriosclerosis - Description Atherosclerosis can result in: Angina (chest pain) Blood clots Shortness of breath Heart attack Heart failure Arteriosclerosis - Description

Arteriosclerosis - Treatment Angioplasty A tube is inserted into a clogged artery, a tiny balloon is inflated to force the artery open, and sometimes a wire mesh called a stent is inserted to keep the artery open Arteriosclerosis - Treatment

Arteriosclerosis- Treatment Coronary by-pass A healthy artery or vein is removed from one part of the body (usually an arm or leg) and is grafted around a blockage to create a new pathway that reroutes blood around the blockage Arteriosclerosis- Treatment

Aneurysm – description Is a bulge in the wall of an artery at a weakened area of the arterial wall. This can be caused by medical problems, injury or genetic conditions. Increased blood pressure causes the aneurysm to grow over time and can eventually cause the aneurysm to rupture, causing internal bleeding and possible death. Most occur in the aorta. Aneurysm – description

Aneurysms are treated with surgery to remove the damaged portion of the blood vessel. The damaged area can be replaced with a patch (graft) made of Teflon or Dacron Aneurysm – Treatment

Heart Valve Diseases - Description Regurgitation – valves do not close completely and blood flows backward through the valve. Heart Valve Diseases - Description

Heart Valve Diseases - Description Stenosis – the valve opening becomes narrowed from thickening or scarring, inhibiting blood flow out of the chambers of the heart Heart Valve Diseases - Description

Heart Valve Diseases - Description Valve prolapse – flaps bulge back into the chamber they lead out of, preventing the formation of a tight seal Heart Valve Diseases - Description

Heart Valve Diseases - Treatment Most valve disorders are monitored. If severe, the valve is either repaired or replaced. Mechanical valves or transplant valves are used for replacement. Heart Valve Diseases - Treatment

Arrhythmia – Description Arrhythmia is a problem with the speed or rhythm of the heart beat. This may be harmless, but in serious cases can lead to insufficient blood flow to the body tissues. Arrhythmia – Description

Arrhythmia – Treatment Medication may help regulate heart beat, but sometimes an artificial pacemaker may be implanted. The pacemaker emits electrical impulses to control heart rate. Arrhythmia – Treatment

Congenital Heart Defects - Description Congenital refers to any illness that is present from birth. Congenital heart defects can be problems with the walls of the heart, the valves or the vessels near the heart. Congenital Heart Defects - Description

Common congenital heart defects Heart murmur – defect that causes abnormalities in blood flow through the heart usually due to valve problems. These are often diagnosed using a stethoscope, where it is heard as a whooshing or rasping sound as blood leaks through the valve. Common congenital heart defects

A stroke results when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain due to damage or blockage of the arteries that deliver blood to the brain. There are 2 types of stroke: Stroke - description

Ischemic stroke – due to blocked blood vessel Ischemic stroke – due to blocked blood vessel. Since blood does not reach brain tissue, it can result in death of brain cells. The longer the brain goes without oxygen, the greater the risk of permanent brain damage. This type of stroke is generally treated with clot-busting drugs or with surgery. Ischemic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke – due to a burst blood vessel in the brain that causes bleeding in the brain tissue. This type of stroke is generally treated with surgery to stop bleeding and to try to repair damage to blood vessels. Hemorrhagic stroke