Circulatory disorders Aneurysm: ballooning of an artery, thinning and weakening 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Angina Pectoris Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle Often a warning before a heart attack Treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries – given sublingual 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Arrhythmia Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60/minute) TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100/minute) What is the normal range for pulse? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose elasticity 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits form on walls of arteries What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Coronary artery disease: a narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient- filled blood to the heart 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Hypertension: HBP High blood pressure Silent Killer, usually no symptoms Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure Higher in African Americans and post-menopausal women Risk factors = smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication Hypotension Low blood pressure systolic <100

Circulatory disorders Heart failure: occurs when the ventricles are unable to contract effectively and blood pools in the heart 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Murmurs: indicates defect in heart valves Gurgling or hissing sound What is the most common instrument used to detect murmurs? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Myocardial infarction: MI/heart attack Lack of blood supply to the myocardium causes damage. Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen Immediate medical care is critical Rx: bedrest, oxygen, medication Morphine for pain, tpa to dissolve the clot Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders How can PVD be prevented? Peripheral vascular disease: caused by blockage of the arteries, usually in the legs S/S: pain or cramping in the legs or buttocks while walking Tx: Rx to decrease cholestrol, diet change, improve circulation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Pulmonary edema: excessive fluid in tissues 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Transient ischemic attack 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Varicose veins: swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy Prevention Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Circulatory disorders Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory system plays a vital role in homeostasis Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems Did you know??? Vitamin K- prevents hemorrhage Vitamin B12- prevents anemia Vitamin E- prevents hemolysis 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system