7-2 Cell Structures

CELL WALL Found in plants, fungi, most prokaryotes, and algae Very outermost part of the cell Provides support and protection 4. Made up of cellulose (starch/carbohydrate)

Nucleus Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary info of DNA Holds the coded instructions for making proteins Chromatin and Chromosomes Chromatin – granular material visible within the nucleus Consists of DNA bound to protein Chromosomes – what chromatin condenses into when a cell divides

Nucleus nucleolus protein DNA chromosome Nuclear envelope Assembly of proteins begin here protein DNA chromosome Nuclear envelope Allow material in and out of nucleus (RNA)

Cytoskeleton Network of proteins that helps to maintain its shape (microtubules and microfilaments) Microtubules – maintain cell shape and can serve as tracks which organelles move on Microfilaments – movement and support of cell

Organelles in Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum – organelle in which components are assembled and some proteins modified Ribosomes – proteins are assembled here

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus or Golgi body Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. Golgi packages final product and sends it to its final destination. Customization shop where finishing touches are put on the product.

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Lysosome Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used Also help to break down old cell parts Custodial staff

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Vacuole Saclike structure that stores material. most notably it stores water in plants warehouse

Organelles in Cytoplasm Chloroplast Uses energy from the sunlight to make energy rich food. Photosynthesis. Makes energy that the cell can use. Solar power plants

Organelles in the Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Converts energy (from food produced by chloroplast) to energy the cell can use. Fire place (releasing energy from wood)

Venn Diagrams Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Animal Cells Plant Cells Section 7-2 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Ribosomes Cell wall Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Lysosomes Go to Section:

Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Smooth endoplasmic Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrian Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell Go to Section:

Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 (attached) Ribosome Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrian Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Animal Cell Go to Section:

Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Section 7-2 Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Michondrion Go to Section:

THE CELL FACTORY