Unit IV: Transcendentalism Literature Column Notes
Groups There are 3 groups of writers during this time era: The transcendentalists Emerson & Thoreau The anti-transcendentalists Hawthorne & Melville The Fireside Poets Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell, others
Transcendentalists’ Writings Type Essay (Nature) by Emerson Book (Walden) by Thoreau Essay (“Self- Reliance”) by Emerson Essay (Civil Disobedience) by Thoreau Style Formal Purpose To define and explain transcendentalism To encourage us to examine the way we live and think Advising readers to not conform to society, be yourself, and know your purpose Tell readers to voice their opinions about government in a peaceful way Audience General public public
Anti-Transcendentalists’ Writings Type Novel (The Scarlet Letter) by Hawthorne Novel (Moby Dick) by Melville Style Formal (historical romance) Formal Purpose Explore the Puritan conscience & themes of sin, concealed guilt, hypocrisy, etc. Explore the theme of man raging against his fate Audience General public General Public
Fireside Poets’ Writings Purpose Explore common themes such as patriotism, family, love, nature, etc. To entertain Type Poetry Longfellow was most popular Style Common verse that could be understood by all Audience Everyone
Emily Dickinson Type Poetry Style Most work was published posthumously (after her death) Style Unconventional capitalization and punctuation Brevity of her lines and stanzas Figurative language Purpose To explore her inner thoughts and inquiries about life She did NOT write to publish Audience Herself