Welcome to Native American Studies – SOCI 1100 4A Fall, 2012 Room 239 Fort Omaha Bldg. #10 9/17/12

Agenda Day #4 Vocabulary quiz Continue Chaco Legacy Hold on to the notes on graphic histories for Monday 9/17 or 9/24

Material Culture All of the things created or used by the culture May be inventions May be borrowed (Process of diffusion) Technology is part of the material culture Things may become part of a culture in several ways. -They may be new combinations of existing materials and processes -Things may be adopted from other cultures through a process called diffusion

Non-Material Culture Knowledge Beliefs Values Rules Symbolic information Language The non-material culture is made of intangible ideas that are essential for development, progress and continuation within the culture. There are two components: cognitive and normative.

Cognitive Culture All of the culture’s knowledge Ideas Beliefs Procedures Creativity Information Processing Procedures Symbolism and Language The knowledge/information component of culture is the cognitive culture.

Normative Culture Definition: Norm Standard of desired behavior; Norms are rules people are expected to follow The rules of the culture are a part of the normative culture.

Types of Norms Folkways Mores customs habits minor with few, if any sanctions for violation Mores vital morally significant (sin) violations result in severe sanctions There are three basic types of norms, folkways and mores. Folkways are everyday customs. In some context we might call them manners. Violations tend to be ignored, although repeated violations may result in the label “eccentric,” “weirdo” or “geek.” Mores are more socially significant rules. Violations might be considered “sinful.” Obedience to mores is seen as vital to the well-being of the society. Failure to obey could result in a severe punishment--depending on the degree of violation. Those rules, usually mores, that are taken very seriously are legislated into laws with designated enforcement personnel and specified sanctions. We will explore norms and sanctions (rewards/punishments) more thoroughly in Chapter 6.

Anthropological Ethnographic Approach Chaco Legacy Anthropological Ethnographic Approach

Chaco Legacy – What can the material culture tell us about the cognitive and normative cultures when we do not have written information about those components?

Sky-watchers of Chaco http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKrMj9r7nJ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKrMj9r7nJ4&feature=related 1

A center of Anazazi culture Pueblo Bonito http://www.he.net/~mine/anasazi/p_bonito_show_5.html

Pueblo Bonito 800 rooms 2000 - 5000 people one of several large townsites in the Canyon surplus of subsistence goods trading and ceremonial center

How soon it would be summer or winter, etc. ? How would you know…. How old you are? What time it is? How soon it would be summer or winter, etc. ? When it would be safe to plant squash seeds? 6

You look across the Canyon to Fajada Butte

Fajada Butte 4

Midday Summer Solstice 5

THE SOLAR "CLOCK" Did the stone slabs fall there, or were they placed? Why mid-day rather than sunrise? Was the spiral carved first or last? Can it really plot the cycle of the moon? 6

Solstice Window Pueblo Bonito 7

Other aspects of life in the canyon the arts agriculture religion astronomy

Potters practiced their craft ….

Masons perfected the art of building

Jackson Stairway

Farmers cultivated and irrigated fields

Spiritual life flourished

Astronomers identified new sites Sighting the Crab Nebula 8

Components of Culture Normative Culture Material Culture There are three main components of culture. The material and the two aspects of the non-material culture: the cognitive and the normative. The circles are drawn as over-lapping because the components are so connected to one another. For every thing (ie, toaster) you have to have some cognitive information or knowledge (how to plug it in; where to insert the bread; how to push it down and set the control to achieve the appropriate shade) and some norms or rules (don’t immerse it in water; don’t stick a fork or other metal tool into). Further, if you’re mad at your brother, you should not bonk him on the head with the toaster. Cognitive Culture Non Material Culture

Cognitive Culture: Symbolic Depiction Graphic histories – Prehistoric people, starting tens of thousands of years ago, left a record of their presence on the stone walls of caves and canyons, and on boulders around springs and water holes. In many cases the rock art and stone tools they left behind is all that remains of their culture.

Graphic History Prehistoric people, starting tens of thousands of years ago, left a record of their presence on the stone walls of caves and canyons, and on boulders around springs and water holes. In many cases the rock art and stone tools they left behind is all that remains of their culture. Some probably had deep cultural and religious significance Many thought to represent some kind of not-yet-fully understood symbolic or ritual language. http://www.answers.com/topic/petroglyph#ixzz1XImHblkH

Assignments Week #1 Assignments due -- Wednesday 9/19 report to Parade Ground, West Road between #17 and #16 You will be walking in the grass and possibly in the sun Check the weather, dress appropriately

Entrance from Sorenson Bldg #10 parking X Parade Ground #1 #17 #30 Sonic Entrance from Sorenson